الفهرس 
Title : Protective potential of some plant extracts against the toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in rats
ContentsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This study was conducted to biosynthesize and characterize TiO2-
NPs, holy basil and thyme essential oil nanoemulsion for assessment of the
toxicity of the biosynthesized TiO2-NPs and the possible protective role of
holy basil and thyme essential oil nanoemulsion. TiO2-NPs were successfully
biosynthesized by the green approach using orange peel extract (OPE) and
the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) image indicated that the particles
were semi-tetragonal. The DLS analysis showed that the average particle
size was 50 ± 2.4 nm and the ξ-potential was -30.44 mV. Holy basil essential
oil nanoemulsion (HBEON) was synthesized successfully by incorporation
with whey protein isolate (WPI), and the resulted emulsion particle shape
showed a smooth and semi-round shape with an average size and a Zetapotential of 120 nm and − 28 mV, respectively. Thyme essential oil
nanoemulsion (TEON) was synthesized successfully by incorporation with
whey protein isolate (WPI). The SEM image of TEON showed an irregular
particle with an average size 230 ± 3.7 nm and the ζ-potential -24.17 mV,
respectively. Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the toxicity of
biosynthesized TiO2-NPs. Experiment (1), Animals were distributed into 6
groups (10 rats/group) and treated daily by oral gavage for 21 days as
follows: group (1) untreated control group; group (2) HBEO-treated group (5
mg/kg bw); group (3) HBEON-treated group (5 mg/kg b.w); group (4)
animals that received TiO2-NPs (50 mg/kg b.w); group (5) animals that
received TiO2-NPs plus HBEO and group (6) animals that received TiO2-
NPs plus HBEON. Experiment (2), Animals were distributed into 6 groups
(10 rats/group) and treated orally by a stomach tube for 21 days as follows:
group (1), control untreated group; group (2), TEO-treated group (5 mg/kg
bw); group (3), TEON-treated group (5 mg/kg b.w); group (4), TiO2-NPstreated group (50 mg/kg b.w); group (5), TiO2-NPs plus TEO-treated group
6. Abstract
VI
and group (6), TiO2-NPs plus TEON-treated group. Experiment (3), Six
groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to oral treatment for 3
weeks so that: group (1), served as control; group (2), treated with TEO plus
HBEO (5 mg/kg b.w each); group (3), treated with TEON plus HBEON (3
mg/kg b.w each); group (4), treated with TiO2-NPs (50 mg/kg b.w); group
(5), treated with TiO2-NPs plus TEO and HBEO and group (6), treated with
TiO2-NPs plus TEOB plus HBEON. Blood and tissue samples were
collected for different bioassays as well as cytogenetic and histological
examination. Animals received TiO2-NPs showed severe disturbances in
liver and kidney indices, lipid profile, oxidant/antioxidant indices,
inflammatory cytokines, gene expressions, increased DNA damage, and
pathological changes in hepatic tissues. Both TEO and HBEO in crude form
or nanoemulsion form showed potential protection against such hazards
TiO2-NPs; however, the nanoemulsion form was more effective. These
outcomes indicated a synergetic effect of the oils, a role of nanoemulsion in
the enhancement of the antioxidant efficiency. And expantion of their
dispersibility and fosteration of their controlled delivery. It may be
concluded that HBEON and TEON are eco-friendly agents suitable for
application of natural antioxidant additives used in food and pharmaceutical
industrie.