الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Dry eye syndrome is a multifactorial disease of pre-corneal tear film that results in ocular discomfort, visual disturbance and tear film instability, with potential damage to the ocular surface. There are many causes and factors leading to dry eye including: aging, female gender, connective tissue diseases, diabetes mellitus, systemic hypertension, contact lens usage, drugs like antihistamines, anticholinergics, antidepressants, oral contraceptives and topical eye drops containing preservatives, and ocular diseases like blepharitis, chronic conjunctivitis, meibominitis, and pterygium. Many patients who have undergone cataract surgery (the most common procedure performed in ophthalmic units( have complained of dry eye and symptoms of dryness, irritation, burning, foreign body sensation, heaviness of the eyelids, redness, reflex lacrimation, ocular pain and fatigue. It may cause punctate keratitis, persistent epithelial defect, filamentary keratopathy, superior limbic keratopathy, superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis, and reduced visual acuity postoperatively. The symptoms of dry eye may be temporary, but they affect the quality of life of the patient; studies have shown that cataract surgery worsens dry eye symptoms in patient with pre-existing dry eye, and induces dry eye symptoms in patients without pre-existing dry eye in at least the first 2 months after surgery. There are many factors that are responsible for development of dry eye after cataract surgeries. The most important of them are: prolonged use of antibiotic-steroid eye drops, decrease tear film break-up time due to surface irregularity at the site of the incision, decrease corneal sensation due to surgical incision which disrupts the cornea-lacrimal gland loop leading to reduced tear secretion, poor tear film production and stability due to surgically induced ocular inflammation, and exposure to light from the operating microscope. Various measurements are used to assess the incidence and severity pattern of dry eye syndrome among patients who have undergone phacoemulsification and extracapsular cataract extraction; such as: OSDI score test, Schirmer 1, 2 tests, Invasive break up time test (IBUT) using fluorescein stain, and non-invasive break up time test (NIBUT) measured through video keratography. The aim of the work was to evaluate the ocular surface alterations related to cataract surgery either phacoemulsification or extracapsular cataract extraction surgeries. This was a prospective observational study that include 60 patients with cataract. Patients were divided into 2 groups: • group 1: 30 patients who had scheduled for phacoemulsification. • group 2: 30 patients who had scheduled for extracapsular cataract extraction surgery. All patients were subjected to full history taking, complete ophthalmic evaluation, OSDI score test, Schirmer 1, 2 tests, invasive break up time tests (IBUT), and non-invasive break up time tests (NIBUT). Summary of our results: • Preoperative vision LogMAR test was insignificantly different between both groups. • Postoperative BCVA test after 1 week, 1month and 3 months was significantly better in phacoemulsification group compared to extracapsular cataract extraction group. • Postoperative BCVA test after 1 week, 1month and 3 months was significantly better compared to preoperative BCVA test in phacoemulsification group and extracapsular cataract extraction group. • Postoperative Schirmer test after 1 week, 1month and 3 months was significantly higher in phacoemulsification group compared to extracapsular cataract extraction group. • Postoperative Schirmer test after 1 week, 1month and 3 months was significantly lower compared to preoperative Schirmer test in phacoemulsification and extracapsular cataract extraction groups. • Postoperative OSDI after 1 week, 1month and 3 months was significantly lower in phacoemulsification group compared to extracapsular cataract extraction group. • Postoperative OSDI after 1 week, 1month and 3 months was significantly higher compared to preoperative OSDI test in phacoemulsification and extracapsular cataract extraction groups. • Postoperative IBUTT tests after 1 week, 1month and 3 months were significantly higher in phacoemulsification group compared to extracapsular cataract extraction group. • Postoperative IBUTT tests after 1 week, 1month and 3 months was significantly lower compared to preoperative IBUTT test in phacoemulsification and extracapsular cataract extraction groups. • Postoperative non IBUTT tests after 1 week, 1month and 3 months were significantly higher in phacoemulsification group compared to extracapsular cataract extraction group. • Postoperative non IBUTT tests after 1 week, 1month and 3 months was significantly lower compared to preoperative non IBUTT test in phacoemulsification and extracapsular cataract extraction groups.