الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The term ”autism spectrum disorder” (ASD) describes a class of neurodevelopmental diseases that are characterised by restricted and repetitive behaviour as well as defective social and communication abilities. CDC Report States that the prevalence rate increasing, with 1 in 54 children diagnosed with ASD.
Typically, a diagnosis is made before a child turns three. A combination of numerous gene abnormalities and an environmental trigger may be at play, according to newly available research.
Despite the fact that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which is characterised by impairment in functioning in the areas of attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which is characterised by core social dysfunction and restrictive-repetitive behaviours, research shows that between 50 and 70% of people with ASD exhibit ADHD symptoms.
Both are present at preschool age, however more frequently in boys than in girls. Both syndromes create considerable behavioural, academic, emotional, and adaptive difficulties in school, at home, and everywhere else. They both have a known hereditary predisposition, comorbidity within the same person and among family members, and they both have a genetic component.
Since this co-occurrence occurs frequently, the DSM-5’s updated ADHD diagnostic criteria now permits the first-ever co-morbid diagnosis of ADHD and an ASD.
ASD symptoms have been managed with the help of behavioural therapy, speech and language therapy, and drug therapy. Though most of these treatments have had some success, it has been limited. The usage of stimulants, atomoxetine, and alpha-2 agonist medicines has FDA approval for managing ADHD; however, no medications are FDA-approved for treating the primary symptoms of ASD. As a result, people with ASD and ADHD have access to a variety of efficient treatment choices.
New ASD interventions must be created immediately as a result. By administering a weak direct current—typically no more than 2 mA—from electrodes positioned on the scalp, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a safe and affordable neuromodulation technology, can noninvasively alter cortical excitability. There is growing evidence that tDCS treatment to a specific brain region, such as the frontal cortex, can markedly alter attention, learning, memory, alertness, brain activity/connectivity/plasticity/dynamics, and neurotransmitter levels. Because of these special qualities, tDCS is an effective therapy for managing ASD.