الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract The present study was designated to test the effect of clonazepam, a drug that is used locally as adjunctive therapy in the management of epilepsy, on the developmental stages of two forensically important dipteran flies from the superfamily Oestroidea, Sarcophaga (Liopygia) argyrostoma (Sarcophagidae) and Lucilia cuprina (Calliphoridae). Additionally, the ability of these developmental stages was tested this is to serve as forensic samples in detecting the drug, in case of highly decomposed or disappeared corpuses. Sarcophaga argyrostoma fed on different concentrations of clonazepam (25, 50, and 100 mg/ml) as an in-vitro application, where the drug was mixed with minced buffalo meat. The drug has affected, significantly, the morphological measurements of different developmental stages of S. argyrostoma, especially in the highest drug concentration. In addition, the relationship between the drug concentration and its detection in the same developing instar has been interdependent, using Highperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS).As well, measuring the protein carbonyls amount (OD/mg protein/min) revealed an elevation in the macromolecules damage, compared to the control groups, in almost all treated groups of S. argyrostoma. Differently, L. cuprina was fed on the muscle tissues of drug-injected rabbits, as an in-vivo application. The results ii revealed significant increases in the morphological characters in all the treated groups, compared to the negative and/or the positive controls. HPLC-MS analysis has detected a significant elevation in the clonazepam concentration in all the treated stages and the empty puparium of L. cuprina. Moreover, the drug raised the protein carbonyls amount significantly, which indicated oxidative damage in the treated groups compared to the two control groups. Clonazepam also elevated the α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) inhibition percentage dramatically, and significantly compared to the negative control. In conclusion, clonazepam affected the morphological measurements of S. argyrostoma and L. cuprina despite the method of drug application. Also, both flies could be used as toxicological samples for the detection of clonazepam by using HPLC and protein carbonyls analysis. DPPH analysis proved its ability to detect clonazepam in the developmental stages as well as in the empty puparium of L. cuprina. |