الفهرس 
Title : Impact of using Sarcophaga argyrostoma (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) and Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann, 1830) as toxicological samples in detecting clonazepam for forensic investigations
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Abstract
The present study was designated to test the effect of clonazepam, a drug that is
used locally as adjunctive therapy in the management of epilepsy, on the
developmental stages of two forensically important dipteran flies from the
superfamily Oestroidea, Sarcophaga (Liopygia) argyrostoma (Sarcophagidae)
and Lucilia cuprina (Calliphoridae). Additionally, the ability of these
developmental stages was tested this is to serve as forensic samples in detecting
the drug, in case of highly decomposed or disappeared corpuses. Sarcophaga
argyrostoma fed on different concentrations of clonazepam (25, 50, and 100
mg/ml) as an in-vitro application, where the drug was mixed with minced buffalo
meat. The drug has affected, significantly, the morphological measurements of
different developmental stages of S. argyrostoma, especially in the highest drug
concentration. In addition, the relationship between the drug concentration and its
detection in the same developing instar has been interdependent, using Highperformance
liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS).As well,
measuring the protein carbonyls amount (OD/mg protein/min) revealed an
elevation in the macromolecules damage, compared to the control groups, in
almost all treated groups of S. argyrostoma. Differently, L. cuprina was fed on
the muscle tissues of drug-injected rabbits, as an in-vivo application. The results
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revealed significant increases in the morphological characters in all the treated
groups, compared to the negative and/or the positive controls. HPLC-MS analysis
has detected a significant elevation in the clonazepam concentration in all the
treated stages and the empty puparium of L. cuprina. Moreover, the drug raised
the protein carbonyls amount significantly, which indicated oxidative damage in
the treated groups compared to the two control groups. Clonazepam also elevated
the α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) inhibition percentage dramatically,
and significantly compared to the negative control. In conclusion, clonazepam
affected the morphological measurements of S. argyrostoma and L. cuprina
despite the method of drug application. Also, both flies could be used as
toxicological samples for the detection of clonazepam by using HPLC and protein
carbonyls analysis. DPPH analysis proved its ability to detect clonazepam in the
developmental stages as well as in the empty puparium of L. cuprina.