الفهرس 
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Abstract
Objectives: This study aims to compare the performance of a novel alloplastic bone substitute EthOss (β-TCP/CS) versus bovine Xenograft, Allograft and spontaneous healing in surgically prepared bone defects in rabbit tibia using histological, immunohistochemistry, and histomorphometric analysis. Materials and Methods: This experimental trial was conducted on twenty-four rabbits, six for each group, with four mono-cortical bony defects in the tibia, were produced in each rabbit. Various materials were used to treat the defects, as follows: group I (Control group): the sham defect will remain unfilled, group II (EthOss group): the defect was filled by an alloplastic bone substitute, group III (Xenograft group): the defect was filled by bovine xenograft and group IV (Allograft group): the defect was filled by allograft. Tow rabbits were sacrificed from each group at 2, 4, and 6 weeks postoperative and prepared for histologically, histomorphometry and immunohistochemical analysis with hematoxylin and eosin, , trichrome stain and osteoprotegerin, respectively. Results: An enhancement of bone healing was noticed in the defects grafted with EthOss compared with all other groups at 2,4, and 6 weeks after surgery, as it showed a significant increase in osteoprotegerin expression and a significant decrease in the amount of collagen at 6 weeks after surgery. The residual grafted particles were the least with EthOss group at 6 weeks after surgery. Conclusions: The EthOss grafting material is a promising bioactive alloplastic bone substitute as it proved to be biocompatible, osteoconductive, and bioresorbable bone substitute materials. Clinical significance: The EthOss grafting material can be used for guided bone regeneration resulting in pronounced high-quality bone, which aids in oral and maxillofacial reconstruction.