الفهرس 
Reliability of facial anatomical landmarks in assessment of maxillary dental midline
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Abstract
The determination of the facial and dental midline during the fabrication of fixed partial dentures or esthetic restorations in the appearance zone is a vital factor in producing a symmetrically pleasing smile. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 subjects participated in this research (age ranging from 18 to 35). Full face frontal photographs were taken at rest and on smile. All subjects were photographed in the same location with the same lighting conditions. Several anatomical landmarks were chosen (Nasion (Na), Tip of Nose (No), Philtrum (V) and Dental Midline (DM)). The digital images were processed using Auto CAD software. Two esthetic frames comprising of a rectangular enclosure to objectively define the facial midline (FM) (Endocanthion Frame and Eye Pupil Frame) were determined. Measurements within each frame were compared; correlations were made between different landmarks. Results: The Nasion (Na) was found to be the closest to the midline at rest and on smile photos. Conclusion: The anatomical landmark that is closest to the facial midline was the Nasion