الفهرس 
Detection of nasopharyngeal carriage of streptococcus pneumoniae in children less than five yearsComparison between PCR and culture techniques
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Abstract
Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Identification of S. pneumoniae colonization in the nasopharynx is critical for understanding the pathogenesis of pneumococcal diseases and for estimation of vaccine efficacy. Aim of the work: We aimed to detect the rate of nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae among children less than 5 years and to use molecular methodology for the detection. Methods: We investigated the colonization characteristics for these pathogens among 200 non- infected children from 6 months to 5 years of age in Cairo, Egypt, in the winter season 2012/2013. Nasopharyngeal specimens were collected using flocked swabs. The specimens were cultures and tested by PCR for detection of Lyt-A and Ply genes. Antimicrobial susceptibility was done using the disk diffusion method and the E test method