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Abstract The aim of our study was to compare between the use of 2D-3d Endoanal ultrasonography (with and without enhancement of hydrogen peroxide H2O2 ) and body coil M.R.I. in preoperative assessment and diagnosis of perianal fistulae and abscesses; by estimating the degree of accuracy for both through agreement of each modality with the surgical findings. Also, concordance with each other was evaluated ; to determine whether EAUS can be an appropriate alternative to MRI or not. Conclusion:The high accuracy of EAUS, which is comparable and even more superior than MRI at most times , indicates that EAUS may become the first choice in the preoperative assessment of anal fistulae, since it has advantages over MRI including easier use and learn, quickness and portability which allows doing the investigation in the operation room and lower cost for the patient |