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Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance, hyperinsulinaemia and hyperglycaemia. Increased glucose production through abnormally elevated hepatic gluconeogenesis is central to the manifestation of hyperglycaemia in T2DM. Metformin corrects hyperglycaemia mainly through inhibition of gluconeogenesis. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has been identified as regulator of gluconeogenic gene expression. Caloric restriction (CR) increases insulin sensitivity with corresponding reductions in blood glucose and insulin levels. Results:, our results showed significant decrease in serum glucose, insulin and TG levels and HOMA; significant increase in HDL level and SIRT1 level and activity in liver and pancreas beside the marked disappearance of pancreatic apoptosis in GpIII, IV, V and VI relative to GpII. Regarding BMI%, it showed no significant changes either in GpIV or GpV relative to GpII. No significant change was recorded between GpIII and GpIV (except on serum TG); between GpV and GpVI; between GpIII and GpV and between GpIV and GpVI