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Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a debilitating form of chronic lung disease that develops in very low birth - weight (VLBW) infants, remains a major cause of pulmonary morbidity and mortality during infancy. This study was conducted to determine different risk factors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, mainly genetic factors (Sequence variation in Toll like receptor pathway genes). This study included 100 preterm neonates admitted in neonatal intensive care unit, Cairo university, children hospital during the period from April to December 2014. 50 of them required O₂ during the first 28 days of life (or till 36 weeks postconceptional age for infants born < 32 weeks gestational age) due to respiratory distress, they are considered as the patients who developed BPD, and the other 50 did not require oxygen therapy for the first 28 days of life - or till 36 weeks postconceptional age for infants born < 32 weeks gestational age considered as the control group