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Abstract
HCC is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and it is one of the major causes of death, because of its high frequency and poor prognosis. It is also one of the few tumors for which an etiological factor can be identified in most of the cases. HCC is now a rather common malignancy in Egypt which usually develops on top of HBV or HCV (more commonly) liver disease.When far advanced, HCC generally presents with certain symptoms and physical signs and the diagnosis is easy. Clinical diagnosis is relatively difficult in the setting of early disease. Conventional tests of hepatic function do not distinguish HCC from other hepatic masses or from cirrhosis. Accordingly, they contribute little to the diagnosis of the tumor. Diagnosis of HCC depends mainly on the detection of tumor markers in the sera of HCC patients in addition to other diagnostic modalities such as ultrasound, spiral CT, in addition to imaging guided liver biopsy