الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
This cross-sectional study included 150 patients who were admitted to different Intensive care units at Assiut university hospitals during the period from January 2022 to December 2022.
The study aimed to evaluate the frequency of fungal infection, and to determine risk factors for development of fungal infection among non-neutropenic patients who admitted to the Intensive Care Units (ICUs)
All patients’ samples were subjected to full history taking, clinical examination, routine and microbiological laboratory investigations which were performed in Microbiology unit, Clinical Pathology Department at Assiut University Hospital. Microbiological diagnosis of fungal infection was done by VITEK 2 compact system
The result revealed that the rate of infection was 75.3% of total 150 cases.
The most common significant predictors/risk factors associated with isolated fungal infection were decreased PO2, diabetes Mellitus and previous recent hospital admissions, while with mixed fungal and bacterial infection were patients on steroids therapy, previous antibiotics therapy within the last 2 weeks and total parenteral nutrition.
The overall incidence of ICU-acquired candidemia is high and marked by an early onset infection after ICU admission. C. albicans is the leading pathogen in our patients constituting 33.3% of the positively diagnosed subjects in the study, followed by C. tropicalis, C. guilliermondii, and other types as mentioned earlier.
The most effective antifungals were Voriconazole & Micafungin (98.2%, sensitivity), followed by Caspofungin & Amphotericin B (96.5% sensitivity, then Fluconazole (93.8%, sensitivity), and finally Flucytosine (91.2%, sensitivity). The overall mortality rate among our studied cases was 33.6%, majority of them was in mixed infection cases in the study.