الفهرس 
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Abstract
One of the leading causes of ischemic stroke worldwide, brain artery disease (ICAD) is also associated with the greatest risk of cardiovascular risk (1 year rate of 12% despite rigorous medical care).
Ischemic stroke is often caused by intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD), which is more common in people of Asian, black, and African descent than in whites.
When compared to extracranial cvd and non-valvular atrial fibrillation, the number of ischemic strokes caused by ICAD is underreported.
Age, high blood pressure, diabetes, and differences in race or ethnicity are all potential risk factors for ischaemic heart disease. Trials showed the significance of optimal influence of risk factors to minimize major vascular incidents as opposed to the effectiveness of heparin but rather stenting to protect thromboembolism in patients with ICAD, who have a 10-to-20% annual rate of stroke, with a greater risk in subjects with elevated stenosis (70-99%).
When comparing TCD and MRA to standard angiography for the identification of >50% stenosis, the Stroke Outcomes and Neuroscience of Intracranial Atherosclerosis (Ferrer) study found that MRA was more accurate. Both TCD and MRA were 86% effective in ruling out false positives, with MRA being somewhat more effective at 91%.
This research was out to characterize the various presentations of infarctions in patients with ICAD who had presented with acute ischemia.
The following is a brief overview of what we found in this study:
Forty-two patients with ischemic stroke caused by intracranial atherosclerosis diseases were enrolled between January 2020 and November 2022 at Minia University Hospital & kasralainy University Hospital. Among the total, there were 22 males (52.4% of the total) and 20 females (47.6%). Twenty cases (47.6%) were reported from Minya, and 22 cases (52.4%) were reported from Cairo, with a mean age at start of stroke of 60.17 ( 13.73 years) (range: 40 to 90 years).
When looking at the prevalence of risk factors, hypertension (59%) was the most prevalent, followed by dyslipidemia (40.5%), and then diabetes (35.7%).
In terms of arterial information, most patients (71,44%) had stenosis in many arteries. Twenty-five patients, or 69.6 percent, had MCA stenosis; eighteen patients, or 42.9%, had symptoms. However, ACA was just the least stenotic artery (7 individuals; 16.7%), and only 2 participants (4.2% of the total) had symptoms. Nearly similar amounts of intracranial stenosis were seen in the anterior and posterior circulation.
Language and functional impairment were the most common (83.3 and 81%, respectively), whereas ataxia had been the least common (14.3%) when assessing clinical stroke degree using the NIHSS, which varied from 2 to 20 (average mean 11.17 ( 4.75). Furthermore, ICA stenosis was associated with the greatest NIHSS, followed by basilar artery constriction and finally middle cerebral artery stenosis. The NIHSS was lowest in those with ACA stenosis and vertebral artery stenosis. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups.
The NIHSS scores varied significantly between infarction patterns, with the lowest values found in patients with perforator contusion patterns and the highest levels found in patients with territorial infarction patterns.
The majority of patients with symptomatic anterior circulation stenosis showed a territorial infarction pattern (59.5%), whereas 20 patients (47.6%) had subcortical infarcts and 21 patients (50.0%) had mixed cortical and subcortical infarcts.