الفهرس 
Ionizing Radiation and its productionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Radiotherapy remains the most important non- surgical treatment in the management of cancer. It can be utilized separately or in conjunction with other forms of treatment like surgery and chemotherapy. Radiation therapy should be administered to 50% or more of cancer patients. (Torre et al., 2015) Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen made the initial discovery of x-rays in the year 1895. Soon after, x-rays were used for both therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. About two months after it was found, a breast cancer patient was treated with x-rays by a medical student named Emil Grubbe. Clinical research advanced quickly, but without a basic understanding of how radiation interacts with tissue, radiation exposure to patients and medical staff was complicating matters. In 1920 the relationship between dose and complications was studied. Coutard and Hautant presented their research on using radiation to cure advanced laryngeal cancer without side effects at the International Conference of Oncology in Paris in 1922. Coutard later developed fractionation techniques in 1936, delivering the radiation dose in numerous smaller fractions to cause more tumor damage while sparing healthy tissue. (Beyzadeoglu et al., 2022) The technology used to administer radiation to patients has advanced alongside improvements in clinical applications of radiation. Early x-ray devices could only treat superficial lesions because greater energies were not available to treat deeper cancers. To solve this problem, cobalt units and linear accelerators were developed. A Cobalt unit was used to treat the first patient in 1951, and Metropolitan-Vickers constructed an 8MV linear accelerator for therapy in 1953.