الفهرس 
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Abstract
A promising nanocomposite was effectively developed from Pomegranate peels via a one-step hydrothermal carbonization technique. This composite was characterized using different techniques such as; pH, bulk density, Fourier transform infrared, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area, Zeta Potential, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis which affirmed the effective and successful preparation with very good stability of the developed bio-adsorbent. Results of dynamic kinetic assessments revealed that the prepared nanocomposite would display excellent execution in the environmental application. The maximum adsorption capacity for Cu (II) was 95.24 mg. g-1, while, for methylene blue (MB) was 277.7 mg. g−1. Equilibrium adsorption data found fitted well to the Langmuir, Freundlich isotherm model, respectively. Also, another promising adsorbent was developed from Banana peels via hydrothermal carbonization technique and chitosan nanoparticles via chemical synthesis. Mixture components were characterized with physicochemical techniques such as pH, bulk density, FTIR, BET surface area, Zeta potential, XRD, TEM, and SEM which affirmed the effective and successful preparation with good stability of the developed bio-adsorbent. Results of dynamic kinetic assessments revealed that the prepared mixture with a ratio (1:1) would display excellent execution in the environmental application. The maximum adsorption capacity for trihalomethanes (THMs) was 588.23 μg. g−1. Equilibrium
Abstract
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adsorption data fitted well to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model. Finally, the results obtained from this study present a different viewpoint for the synthesis of well-designed and low-cost iron nanoparticles loaded onto hydrochar composite using the agricultural biowaste for wastewater treatment. Also, it could be concluded that both developed adsorbents from this study can be recommended for industrial wastewater treatment to remove toxic metals, colored dyes, and disinfection by-products. Further studies are necessary to set guidelines for the commercial application of the developed bio adsorbents.