الفهرس 
Anatomy of the RetinaOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 133 |  |  |
| | | from | 133 | | |
Abstract
Background: Smoking causes alterations in the retinal blood flow and damage of the blood-retinal barrier; these retinal microvascular changes demonstrated by OCT-A may be an indicator of systemic microvascular changes.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of active and passive smoking on the macula and optic nerve by measuring the macular thickness and microvasculature, GCC thickness, RNFL thickness, and disc microvasculature using OCTA.
Methods: 150 healthy participants, 76 males and 74 females, were divided into three equal groups: active smokers, passive smokers and control group. Optical coherence tomography angiography scanning was performed for all subjects. Macular thickness, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness, superficial and deep macular vessel density, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, and radial peripapillary capillaries (RPC) density were measured and analyzed.
Results: There was a significant increase in the central macular thickness in the active and passive smoker, also there was significant decrease in the superior RNFL and deep parafoveal vessel density in the active and passive smoker, but there were no significant differences in the GCC, FAZ, superficial capillary plexus density, or radial peripapillary capillary density between the three groups.
Conclusion: Active and passive smoking decrease deep parafoveal vessel density, superior retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and increase central, inner, and outer macular thickness in healthy adult individuals.