الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Modern wireless communication systems are increasingly in need of smaller, less expensive antennas that are easy to integrate into packaging structures. Recently, shorting posts have been applied to microstrip antennas to gain the benefits of tunability and compactness. Miniature proposed antenna designs are also made using the partial ground plane, Shorting Post, followed by the novel Driven Post technique. The position of the Driven Post is very close to the Shorting Post. The proposed antennas that are being presented were designed and simulated using the High Frequency Structure Simulator. The substrate for the proposed antennas is Rogers Duroid 6010, which has a dielectric constant of 10.2 and a thickness of 0.635 mm. The proposed design has been designed, investigated, and experimentally validated with reasonable agreement and a size reduction up to 89.9% to satisfy the needs of low-profile antenna systems and miniaturized wireless communication applications. Electrically small antennas in communications engineering are less efficient and difficult to design, but they are crucial for saving space in wireless devices in the GHz range. The proposed antenna design is improved to be a reconfigurable antenna for cognitive radio applications, allowing for varying electrical lengths and replacing multiple antennas in communication systems. The design has been investigated, fabricated, and introduced. Design a planar array with high gain using small, individual pixel elements, each radiating a beam. These designs are typically smaller than traditional arrays, allowing for efficient communication and efficient use of space. This thesis investigates pixel antenna arrays for wireless communication and the Internet of Things. It compares proposed and conventional configurations, finding about 75%reduction in pixel patch area and a 90% reduction in the full design area. To increase the range of fifth-generation, sixth-generation, and small satellites, it is therefore necessary to develop antennas with a small size, a higher gain, and better radiation patterns, which are largely achieved by the pixel and pixel array antennas presented throughout this thesis.