الفهرس 
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Abstract
The cornea’s role as a mechanical barrier protecting the interior structure of the eye from outside threats and its refractive power, which is necessary for concentrating the image on the retina, are examples of how significant the cornea is. Under a microscope, the cornea appears to be composed of a central layer of connective tissue, a thick cellular portion known as stroma, and a thin acellular portion known as bowman’s layer that are sandwiched between two cellular structures: an epithelium that rests on the basement membrane from the outside and an endothelium that rests on the Descemet membrane from the inside. Natural development of corneal epithelium from limbal stem cells. In contrast to stromal cells, which transform through metamorphosis, the endothelium regenerates mostly by cell migration. Extracellular Vesicles (EVs)are lipid-bilayer membrane-enclosed vesicles that cells secrete. EVs transfer vital biomolecules across cells, maintain cellular equilibrium, and have an impact on target cells’ activity. Cells communicate with other cells by exchanging genetic material, proteins, lipids, and many types of RNA molecules through extracellular vesicles. The cargo content determines the impact on the target cell and varies widely depending on the cells and conditions of the culture environment or the cell environment in the body. The most recent finding that EVs made from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and (corneal stromal stem cell) CSSCs reduced corneal scarring and restored corneal transparency after injuries serves as a proof-of-concept for EV-based therapy as an alternative to corneal transplantation for the treatment of corneal scars. The mechanisms of action of these operational EVs are not yet fully elucidated, but the prospect of EV-based therapy has attracted attention in the vision community due to its potential to be safer, more accessible, and more inexpensive than current treatments and stem cell therapies.