الفهرس 
Hyperglycemia.Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The current investigation has been conducted to investigate the effect of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) roots powder and aqueous extract on hyperglycemic rats induced by alloxan. Thirty-six white male albino rats weighting between 150 ±10, were used in this study. All rats were fed on control diet for 7 days before the beginning of experiments for adaptation. After the adaptation period, the rats were divided into two main groups as follows:
- The first main group (6 rats): Negative control group (-ve), normal rats fed on the basal diet. - The second main group (30 rats): The rats, fed on the basal diet and were treated by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan 150 mg/kg body weight to induce hyperglycemia. Then the hyperglycemic rats in the second main group were randomly divided into five groups (6 rats each) according to the following:
group (2): Fed on the basal diet, this group was used as a positive control group (+ve). group (3): Fed on the basal diet containing (2.5%, ashwagandha roots powder). group (4): Fed on the basal diet containing (5%, ashwagandha roots powder). group (5): Fed on the basal diet and given oral dose (2.5%, of ashwagandha roots extract. group (6): Fed on the basal diet and given oral dose (5%, of ashwagandha roots extract).
At the end of experimental (6 weeks) The following experiments were performed
1. Biological evaluation of rats,the body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI),feed efficiency ratio(FER) and organs weight. 2. Biochemical evaluation of blood serum, the blood samples were collected after 12 hours fasting and serum was separated for determination of:
Lipid profile serum (total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), Liver function (aspartate amino transaferase (AST), alanine amino transaferase (ALT), alkaline phosphates (ALP), kidney function (urea, creatinine, uric acid), and glucose. At the same time, the organs: kidney and liver were removed, washed in saline solution, wiped by filter paper, weighted, and stored in formalin solution 10% for histopathololgical examinations. Statistical analysis:
The data were statistically analyzed using a computerized costat program by one way ANOVA. The results are presented as mean± SD. Difference between treatments at (p≤0.05) were considered significant.
The results revealed the following:
1. Hyperglycemia decreased pronouncedly the BWG of rats which was raised by feeding on ashwagandha roots powder and aqueous extract diets. Best treatment was that of ashwagandha roots extract 5% diet.
2. Alloxan injected rats reveled pronounced differences of FI, which was raised by feeding on ashwagandha roots powder and aqueous extract diets, in particular that of the ashwaganda roots extract 5% diet.
3. Treated group using ashwagandha roots powder and aqueous extract increase FER comparing with control (+) group. Best group ashwagandha roots powder 5%.
4. The weights of liver, heart, kidney, lungs and spleen raised by diabetes mellitus, while decreased by ashwagandha roots powder and aqueous extract diets. Best sample for kidney, heart, lungs and lungs was ashwaganda roots extract 5% diet.
5. Hyperglycemia raised appreciably the level of serum glucose, while feeding of hyperglycemic rats on ashwagandha roots powder and aqueous extract lowered considerably the serum glucose, best treat was that of the ashwaganda roots extract 5% as compared with control (+) group.
6. Hyperglycemia raised appreciably and significantly the serum total cholesterol (TC), which was decreased when hyperglycemic rats fed on diet containing ashwagandha roots powder and aqueous extract. Best group was that of ashwaganda roots extract 5%.
7. Hyperglycemia raised remarkably the TG of serum, while ashwagandha roots powder and aqueous extract particularly the ashwaganda roots extract 5%, compared to control (+) group showing numerically lower (TG) values.
8. Alloxan injected rats revealed appreciable reduction in serum HDL, which was raised when hyperglycemic rats fed on ashwagandha roots powder and aqueous extract. Highest increase of HDL was found in serum of rats fed on the ashwaganda roots extract 5%.
9. LDL level and VLDL were increased markedly in the serum of hyperglycemic rats. Feeding on ashwagandha roots powder and aqueous extract of present work reversed such a change. Best group was that of the
ashwaganda roots extract 5%, showing lowest LDL and VLDL value compared with that of control (+) rats.
10. Hyperglycemia affected the kidney function giving rise to serum urea, while feeding on ashwagandha roots powder and aqueous extract diets reversed this change. Best sample (lowest urea in serum) recorded for group 6 ashwaganda roots extract 5%.
11. Serum creatinine was evidently raised by hyperglycemia indicating that the latter was damaging to the renal function. On the contrary feeding of hyperglycemic rats on ashwagandha roots powder and aqueous extract corrected the serum creatinine decrease, especially the diet contained ashwaganda root extract 5%.
12. Alloxan injection raised appreciably the uric acid in serum, while feeding of rats on ashwagandha roots powder and aqueous extract diets lowered the level. In particular ashwaganda roots extract 5%, was the best treatment due to maximum decrease of serum uric acid.
13. Hyperglycemia was damaging to the liver function as indicated by the rise of AST and ALT in control (+) group. Nevertheless feeding on ashwaganda roots extract 5% diets corrected the changes of AST and ALT, special ashwaganda roots extract 5%, compared to control (+) group.
14. Hyperglycemia raised the level of serum ALP activity, which was reduced when hyperglycemic rats fed on ashwagandha roots powder and aqueous extract diets especially that of ashwaganda roots extract 5% group in comparison with that of control (+) group.
15. Histopathological study revealed that the structure changes of liver and kidney were in line with that of the biochemical changes.