الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
A total of 100 chicken carcasses sample. Conventional cultural revealed that the prevalence Enterococcus in percent of 79%. Out of 120 isolate, 65% (78/120) were biochemically confirmed as E. Spp. Eight different species were identified including Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium, E. durans, E. avium, E. gallinarum, E. hirae, E. raffinosus and E. malodoratus. The most prevalent species were E. avium (33.3%), E. faecalis (23.1%) and E. faecium (16.7%). The detected species with lower incidence were E. durans (11.5%), E. gallinarum (9%), E. hirae (3.8%) and E. raffinosus, E. malodoratus (1.3% each). In the current study, sodA, gelE, ace, vanA, and vanB were detected, using mPCRs, in 100% and 100%, 90.9% and 83.3%, 72.7% and 50%, 16.7 and 16.7%, and 16.7% and 0%, respectively in the E. facalis and E. facium strains isolated. VanA and vanB genes could be detected in one (16.7) of the isolated E. faecalis while vanA gene was only detected in one (16.7%) of E. faecium isolates. Phenotypically, the two isolates were resistant to vancomycin antibiotic when tested. All E. faecalis isolates recovered from chicken carcasses samples were tested for antimicrobial resistance against 17 antimicrobial agents. all E. faecalis isolates (n=18) in a percentage of (100%) exhibited absolute resistance to one antibiotic agent namely kanamycin and higher resistance rates against each of clindamycin (88.9%), colistin (72.2%), ampicillin (66.7%), erythromycin and cefoxitin (55.6% for each). The medium resistance rates are against each of amoxycillin-clavulanic acid (44.5%), sulphamethoxazol, chloramphenicol (38.9% for each), cefepime (33.3%), ciprofloxacin (27.8%) and levofloxacin (22.2%). However, the lower resistance rates against meropenem meropenem, teicoplanin (16.7% for each), linezolid (11.1%) and vancomycin, tigecycline (5.6% each). The antimicrobial resistance profile of 13 E. faecium identified isolates against a panel of 17 antibiotic agents. Collectively, all E. faecium isolates in a percentage of (100%) exhibited absolute resistance to one antibiotic agent namely kanamycin and clindamycin and the higher resistance rates against each of colistin (84.6%), cefoxitin (76.9%), ampicillin, erythromycin, sulphamethoxazol (61.5% each) and chloramphenicol (53.8%). The medium resistance rates against each of cefepime (46.2%), amoxycillin-clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin (38.5% each), meropenem and levofloxacin (30.8% each). While the lower resistance rates were detected against each of teicoplanin, linezolid, tigecycline (15.4% to each) and vancomycin (7.7%). The multiple antibiotic resistance”” MAR ”” index for identified E. spp. isolates were calculated using formula X/Y (where “X” is the number of antibiotics that an isolate was resistant, and “y” is the total number of antibiotics tested). The MAR index of isolated E. faecalis was in the average 0.412 and E. faecium was in 0.497.