الفهرس 
AcknowledgmentOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 102 |  |  |
| | | from | 102 | | |
Abstract
Salsola plants are halophytic crops that are distributed worldwide with more than 100 species figured out in Asia, the Mediterranean region and North Africa. Salsola is extensively consumed in folk medicine in different cultures to treat different inflammatory conditions of the skin, the digestive system and the respiratory system. Previous biological investigations of different species of Salsola have demonstrated highly promising activities as anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-microbial, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory putative alongside the protective activities of the cardiovascular, neurological and digestive systems (Murshid et al., 2022).
Most Salsola species demonstrated auspicious results when testing their anti-inflammatory activity; considering the in-vitro studies, S. soda markedly inhibited aldose reductase enzyme, an enzyme responsible for the synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators (Iannuzzi et al., 2020). Furthermore, the butanol extract of S. imbricta inhibited the release of nitric oxide, known to largely contribute to tissue injury. And also S. komarovii extract could reduce mucosal damage in an ulcerative colitis-simulating model. Whereas, in-vivo studies revealed that S. cycophylla and S. imbricta extracts reduced edema, pain and inflammatory conditions in experimental animals (Mohammed et al., 2021a; Murshid et al., 2022; Osman et al., 2016; Seo et al., 2020). S. tetrandra , S. vermiculata and S. tetragona are Egypt’s most commonly distributed species. S. tetrandra, a synonym of Caroxylon tetrandrum, is rich in coumarins, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, terpenes, flavonoids and steroids. S. vermiculata, a synonym of Caroxylon vermiculatum, has a similar chemical matrix to S. tetrandra alongside its volatile oil content. Moreover, S. tetragona, a synonym of Caroxylon tetragonum, is rich in cardenolides, flavonoids and fatty acids. It is worth mentioning that scant research work was performed for the investigation of the roots of the three species (Murshid et al., 2022). Despite the marked antioxidant activity of S. tetrandra and S. vermiculata, up to our knowledge, no studies for their potential anti-inflammatory activities as well as the biological activity of S. tetragona have been screened. Our work aimed to provide a comprehensive metabolomic study of these three Salsola species for the first time. To fulfill this objective; an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass-mass (UHPLC MS/MS) analysis was implemented in conjunction with multivariate analysis. The potential anti-inflammatory activity of the tested samples was screened to correlate the chemical metabolomic profiles of the tested extracts to their biological matrices.