الفهرس 
الغلافOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 177 |  |  |
| | | from | 177 | | |
Abstract
rats were treated orally at the week 21 with SFN (100 mg/kg BW, daily) for 6 weeks. group 5 (NSCLC+GEM+SFN): NSCLC rats were treated with GEM and SFN as in group 3 and 4, respectively. Effects of GEM, SFN, and GEM+SFN on cell proliferation of A549 NSCLC human cell line were evaluated in vitro using an MTT cell proliferation kit. We assessed the effects of GEM, SFN, and GEM+SFN on oxidative stress, on apoptosis by measuring caspase-9, caspase-3, TGF-β1, TNF-α, and TNFR1 by ELISA, and on CSCs by quantifying the gene expression of CD133 and ALDH1A1 by qRT-PCR in vivo in NSCLC rat model. Histopathological alterations in lung tissues induced by GEM, SFN, and GEM+SFN have also been examined. All statistical analyses and graphs were carried out by GraphPad Prism 8.4.3 software and SPSS Statistics 19 software. Our study demonstrated that our therapies (GEM, SFN, GEM+SFN) have succeeded in inducing apoptosis, suppressing TNFR1, targeting TGF-β1 and TNF-α and, so, targeting CSCs markers reducing CSCs population, taken into consideration that the combined therapy (GEM+SFN) showed the best results making it promising in the treatment of NSCLC and overcoming its resistance and recurrence. However, only SFN showed antioxidant activity in addition to its anti- cancer activity avoiding thereby ROS-mediated cancer stemness and chemoresistance that may lead to overcoming NSCLC resistance and recurrence and making it a good alternative to the chemotherapy GEM. These findings were confirmed by the histopathological responses of the tumor to our therapies.