الفهرس 
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Abstract
A High fat diet (HFD) is commonly utilized to prompt nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/ non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in various experimental animals. The objective of this study is to assess the treatment impacts of gallic acid (GA) and cinnamaldehyde (Ci) against liver, adipose and heart injuries produced by HFD. HFD was administered daily for ten weeks. GA and Ci were supplemented to HFD administered rats by intragastric tube. Their doses were 100 mg/kg.bw and 20 mg/kg.bw respectively, every day for ten weeks during the experimental trial. The obtained data revealed that treatment with GA or Ci ameliorated the elevation in the levels of serum and hepatic cholesterol and TG, serum LDL-Ch, VLDL-Ch, FFAs and liver index and ameliorated the decrease in HDL-Ch and liver glycogen content levels. The rats that fed with the HFD exhibited a marked elevation in serum levels of ALT, AST, GGT, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin and exhibited a marked DROP in serum levels of total protein, albumin, and globulin. These alterations were improved as a result of HFD-administered rats treatment with GA or Ci. Also, our data revealed that CK, CK-MB, and LDH activities, cardiovascular risk index1, cardiovascular risk index2 were deleteriously elevated, while anti-atherogenic index was deleteriously decreased in HFD-administered rats. The treatment with GA or Ci successfully improved these previous alterations.
The treatment with GA or Ci improved the HFD-induced elevation in lipid peroxidation and improved the decline in GST, SOD, catalase, reduced glutathione, and GPx levels in liver, adipose, and heart homogenate. The HFD-
administered rats exhibited a considerable rise in serum glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and leptin levels and exhibited a marked decrease in adiponectin level. These alterations were improved as a result of treatment with GA or Ci. The HFD-administered rats exhibited a marked increase in TNF-α, Il-6, Il-17, Il-1β, FAS, ACC-α, and HMGCR levels. These alterations were reversed by treatment with GA or Ci. Finally, the treatment with GA or Ci ameliorated the histolopathological changes in liver and adipose due to HFD administration.
In conclusion, it can be suggested that GA and Ci counteract HFD-induced deleterious effects on liver, adipose and heart injuries via amelioration of serum and hepatic lipid profile, biochemical testing and serum liver function enzymes, enhancement of serum protein profile parameters, amelioration of serum heart function enzymes, cardiovascular risk indices and anti-atherogenic index, oxidative stress suppression and enhancement of antioxidant defence system in liver, adipose, heart, amelioration of systemic and hepatic insulin resistance, reduction of cytokines, regulation of lipid metabolic regulators expression and finally, amelioration of liver and adipose histopathological changes.
Key words: High fat diet; Gallic acid; Cinnamaldehyde; Oxidative stress; Lipid metabolic regulators; Lipid profile; Histopathological changes.