الفهرس 
Normal labourOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Birth represents one of the most important of all the experiences of the human kind. Despite the complexity and sophistication of modern obstetrics, it is important to remember the simple objective of every pregnancy, namely the delivery of a healthy baby to a healthy mother.
Digital assessment of fetal head station during labor is a subjective tool, prone to considerable disagreement among examiners, especially during protracted labor, when molding and caput succedaneum make fetal head position interpretation more difficult.
So there is persistent need for integration of US both abdominal and TPU for more accurate estimation of head station, head descent and labour progress.
Second stage of labor is more critical as it affects directly the fetal wellbeing so its duration is more beneficial tool to assess fetal well being the shorter its duration the less complications to both mother and fetus. Also assessment of progress of the 2nd stage is crucial to define the need for operative vaginal delivery or the need of CS.
So, this study aimed to determine the association between fetal head station at the diagnosis of the second stage of labor and delivery outcome in terms of the second duration and mode of delivery.
To elucidate our results, this was analytical prospective crosssectional study at obstetrics and gynecology department in Menoufia University Hospital after obtaining written consent from participants.
All females were divided into 3 groups and each group classified to nulliparaous and multiparous.
females with fetal head above the ischial spine
(S<0).
females with fetal head at the level (S=0).
females with fetal head below (S>0) the level of the ischial spine.
Hence, we further divided the cohort according to fetal head station at the time of documenting complete dilation of the cervix as follows:
(1) S<0)fetal head above the ischeal spine level (ie, S-1, S-2, or S-3.
(2) S=0, fetal head at the ischeal spine level.
(3) S>0, fetal head below the ischeal spine level (ie, S1,S2, or S3; this group was used as a reference group)
All females included in the study were subjected to the following: Written consent, Full history taking including detailed history taking with stress on: Obstetric, parity, previous abortion the mode of previous delivery the mode of conception and the estimated gestational age from asking about last menstrual date.
Also, Full clinical examination: focusing on complete general examination body weight,height and body mass index, complete Local examination
Abdominal examination determining head engagement,fetal lie and position.
DVE; digital vaginal examination was done by the same observer to all cases included in the study to determine the exact fetal head station.
Abdominal obstetric US was done for all participants.
The results of this study can be summarized as follows:
Our study had 46%are nullipara and 54%are multipara.
There was no significant difference between study group regarding body weight, height and BMI.
There was no significant difference in hemoglobin levels in pre or post delivery.
Multipara were older than nullipara.
There was no significant difference between nullipara and multipara regarding fetal head station at the beginning of 2nd stage.
There was no significant difference between nullipara and multipara as regard previous abortion, gestational age and cervical dilatation at admission.
Multipara had shorter 2nd stage duration than nullipara.
There was significant negative correlation between head station and 2nd stage duration as the lower the head station the shorter the duration of second stage of labor.