الفهرس 
EpilepsyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Epilepsy is a disorder of the brain characterized by repeated seizures. There are various causes can lead to seizures. A seizure is usually defined as a sudden alteration of behavior due to a temporary change in the electrical functioning of the brain
Seizure episodes are a result of excessive electrical discharges in a group of brain cells. Different parts of the brain can be the site of such discharges. Type of seizure depends on the part of the brain involved which can vary from the briefest loss of attention (absence) or muscle jerks to severe and prolonged convulsions.
Epilepsy affects both sexes and all ages with worldwide distribution. It is one of the most common neurological diseases in children and occurs at least one time in 4-10% of children in the first 16 years of life. Approximately, 50 million people in the world have epilepsy and up to one-third continue to have seizures despite appropriate drug treatment. The highest incidence of epilepsy occurs in childhood, nearly 80% of people with epilepsy live in low- and middle-income countries.
The relationship between intractable epilepsy and essential trace elements that include (copper, zinc, and selenium, and iron) element serum levels on path physiological basis is a matter of debate; however, there is a growing concern as abnormal serum levels of these trace element have been correlated with epilepsy treatment response because of their possible influence on synaptogenesis, their actions on ligand- and voltage-gated ion channels, their effects on membrane lipid peroxidation and turnover of some neurotransmitters.
This study aimed to study the possibly beneficial effects of supplementation of zinc, copper, selenium and iron to correct their deficiencies among uncontrolled idiopathic epileptic children.
This present study was conducted on 78 children; of both sexes, aged 1 to 15 years. Participants were randomly selected from those attending the outpatient Pediatric Neurology Clinic; Menoufia University Hospitals, from October 2020 to October 2021.
Participants included in this study were divided into two groups; group I: Included 39 children with uncontrolled idiopathic epilepsy. group II: Included 39 clinically healthy children of well-matched age and sex as a control group.
Children included were selected according to the study inclusion and exclusion criteria:
Epileptic children selected were diagnosed clinically and confirmed by; electroencephalogram (EEG).
Inclusion criteria: Uncontrolled idiopathic epilepsy. Age from 1 to 15 years old. Both sexes.
Exclusion criteria; epileptic children with:
Structural CNS abnormalities
Metabolic diseases or cerebral palsy, Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
Other diseases or receiving medication which might alter their serum levels of zinc, copper, iron or selenium.
All participants included in this study were subjected to:
1- Detailed history:
2- Clinical examination:
A. General examination:
B. Systemic examinations for manifestations of altered zinc, copper, iron, or selenium serum levels.
C. Neurological examination
3- Laboratory Investigations:
Complete blood count (CBC).
Zinc, copper, iron, and selenium serum levels were determined before and after offering supplementation to patients with deficiencies