الفهرس 
Main types of cancerOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Summary and Conclusion
Cancer is one of the major causes of death all over the world. According to World health organization, more than 10 million new cases of cancer are diagnosed every year. Cancer is the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells, associated with disregulation of apoptosis, a programmed cell death.
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women, and the second leading of death by cancer. However, early diagnosis and successful treatments can improve patient’s chances for survival. Among the markers that play significant role in breast cancer diagnosis and follow up is carbohydrates antigen 15.3 (CA15.3).The sCA15.3 assay measures the MUC1 protein (product of the muc1 gene), which is a large trans membrane glycosylated molecule which has been implicated in cell adhesion, immunity and metastasis. Currently, sCA15.3 is mainly used for diagnosis and follow up of patients with breast cancer as the assay values of this protein are frequently elevated in patients with breast cancer. However, elevated CA15.3 serum levels have been reported in individual with nonmalignant conditions such as cirrhosis, hepatitis autoimmune disorders, and benign disease of the ovary and breast. Also, malignancies in which elevated CA15.3 have been reported included lung, colon, pancreas, primary liver, ovarian, cervical and endometrial malignancies. thus CA15.3 assay is not recommended as screening procedure to detect breast cancer in the general population.