الفهرس 
Water PollutionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Summary
Lake Mariout is one of the five coastal northern lakes in Egypt. It is a brackish water body in the northern part of Egypt between Alexandria and El-Beheira governorates. It represents the southern boundary of Alexandria City and is located in the north-western corner of the Egyptian Nile Delta. It is the smallest of the northern Delta lakes but perhaps the most threatened. Its area secured 200 km2 at the beginning of 20th century, but at the beginning of 21st, it was only about 50 km2. It has been decreased by more than 75% and is still shrinking. Its maximum length is about 10 km with a maximum width of about 8.9 km. It has a very shallow bottom reaching 150 cm at its deepest location and a depth of 20 cm at shore locations around the lake periphery.
Lake Mariout is an important fishing lake. It is a closed lake having no direct connection to the Mediterranean Sea, but most of the landed fish come from the Main Basin. Fishing is a major activity in the lake that was characterized in the past by large fish harvest rates with reputed quality.
Lake Mariout is currently divided into four basins that are dissected by railroads, embankments, and highways connecting Alexandria with the desert areas around it and with Cairo. The four basins are: Main Basin, Fisheries or Aquacultural Basin, South-West Basin, and North-West Basin. The lake inflows are El-Qalaa Drain, El-Umoum Drain, Petroleum Drain, El-Nubaria Canal, East Water Treatment Plant (EWTP), and West Water Treatment Plant (WWTP). On the other side, the only outflow from Lake Mariout is El-Max pumping site which comprises two buildings; each housing six pumps with nominal capacities of 12.5 m3/s. The fact that domestic, municipal, agricultural, and industrial wastes are continuously discharged into the lake makes El-Max pumping site essential to maintain the lake water level about 2.8 - 3.0 m below the mean sea level.
Thirteen subsurface water samples were collected from different localities along Lake Mariout in addition to four samples from the three drains (El-Qalaa, El-Umoum, and Petroleum Drains) and El-Nubaria Canal. Samples were collected seasonally during the period of spring 2017 - winter 2018. Fish samples