الفهرس 
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Abstract
A total of 36 patients with alveolar cleft were enrolled in the study to compare between outcome of Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite versus autogenous bone graft in alveolar cleft grafting regarding the newly formed bone volume. Those patients were randomly divided into two groups; group A where the autogenous iliac bone graft was used to fill the alveolar defect and group B where Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite was used to fill the alveolar defect.
The main findings in the current study included; 1) both groups had insignificant differences as regard baseline and perioperative data, 2) operative duration was insignificantly lower among nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite group,
3) both groups had comparable postoperative success score and 4) total failure was reported in a total of 4 patients (one patient in group A and three patients in group-B).
Here, in the current study we used nano-HA as we mentioned above where it has the ability to promote re-mineralization appears extremely valuable in presence of early caries, where nano-HA promotes direct replacement of lost minerals or carries mineral ions to the collagen network. Also, it has less failure rate.
Also, we used CBCT for assessment and evaluation the grafting secondary to its advantage as regard less radiation exposure, low cost, accurate assessments, longitudinal and transverse changes in grafted bone are correctly compared.
In conclusion, autogenous iliac bone graft still considered the best bone grafting material for alveolar cleft bony defect. Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite bone substitute is a good bone graft candidate to reduce the high risk of donor site morbidity and evoke less pain.
Thus, to overcome the problems in grafting procedures, donor site morbidities. A bone substitute with ideal properties must be developed for the reconstruction of the alveolar cleft.
It’s recommended to perform such study in large number of patients in multiple centres with longer duration of follow up. Also, future comparative studies between different available bone substitutes should be done to obtain the best substitutes for such cases to improve both clinical and radiological outcome.
It’s better to use nano-HA in alveolar cleft grafting secondary to its great advantages with less failure rate compared to other materials. CBCT is considered the standard radiological tool could be used for assessment of alveolar cleft grafting with more accuracy with less radiation exposure.