الفهرس 
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Abstract
Pes planus is a state of flat arches in which all parts of the foot are attached to or almost stick to the ground. Pes planus normally exists in infants because the pedis arch is not yet fully developed.
Pes planus can be categorized into two types, flexible and rigid. Flexible pes planus is characterized by the disappeaance of the arch while standing, but appears while standing on toes. The Rigid pes planus is characterized by the disappearance of the arch while standing or standing on toes.
The true incidence of pes planus is unknown, primarily because there is no consensual agreement on the strict clinical or radiographic criteria for defining a pes planus.
Pes planus (either flexible or rigid) may exist as an isolated pathology or as part of a larger clinical entity. These entities include generalized ligamentous laxity, neurologic and muscular abnormalities, genetic conditions and syndromes, and collagen disorders.
There are no known medication treatments that alter the natural history of pediatric pes planus. Over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications may be used to manage activity-related pain associated with painful flatfeet.
Most treatment algorithms for flexible pes planus begin with simple observation. In the case of asymptomatic flexible pes planus, parental education and reassurance are often all that is required for management.