الفهرس 
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Abstract
In December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) was discovered as the unique coronavirus responsible for COVID-19. By March 11, 2020, the WHO had labeled the virus a pandemic due to its rapid global spread. Children appear to be more resistant to the effects of COVID-19 than adults.
Tachypnea, tachycardia, fever, cough, sore throat, pharyngeal erythema, sneezing, rhinorrhea, aches, fatigue, and a wheezy chest are all symptoms that are common with acute COVID-19. Signs and symptoms such as diarrhea and vomiting are seen less frequently.
Nonetheless, children may experience shock, cardiac failure, stomach pain, thrombotic problems, and substantially increased inflammatory markers as part of the COVID-19-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS). COVID-19 has been studied extensively, and it is now recognized that many individuals who recover from the acute phase continue to have clinical symptoms or develop new ones. This discovery has sparked a rush of investigation into the link between these changes and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Long COVID 4 refers to patients who continue to experience symptoms after treatment for COVID-19, also known as post-COVID-19 syndrome.
In addition to the above clinical definitions, the term ”post-COVID” is commonly used to describe signs and symptoms that persist or develop after the acute stage of COVID-19, thus including both COVID-19 that continues to be symptomatic and the post-COVID-19 syndrome as defined above. Data from the most recent survey of the British population shows that the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) after 12 weeks is highest among adults aged 25 to 34 (18.2%) and lowest among children aged 2 to 11 (7.3%).
The aim of this study was to evaluate the consequences of COVID-19 infection in the pediatric population, assess the physical and psychological post-COVID sequelae of it, and define the risk factors .This was a cross sectional analytical and descriptive study (Survey-based study) conducted at the Pediatric Department and PICU of Minia University Hospital and Health Insurance Minia Hospital.
The main results of the study revealed that:
• The demographic characteristics of the studied patients showed that there was no significant variation among the two studied groups as regards age, sex, and residence (P-value > 0.05).
• There were significant differences between groups in pre-existing comorbidity and history of hospitalization that resulted in increased post-covid symptoms.
• Regarding acute phase symptoms and their effect on post-COVID symptoms, there were significant differences among groups in all aspects except for general conditions, respiratory symptoms, lymph nodes, and rash appearance, suggesting that persistent post-COVID-19 manifestations and severity are affected by the type and severity of acute COVID phase symptoms.140 (87.5%) had fever as the commonest symptom , followed by 136 (85%) having respiratory symptoms and 59 (36.8%) having gastro-intestinal symptoms.
• Regarding the clinical data of post-COVID-19 cases, it showed that 48 (82.8%) cases had fatigue in the first place.
• Respiratory symptoms post-COVID are common, as 29 (50.0%) cases had cough, 12 (20.7%) had Snoring , and 29 (50.0%) had difficult breathing.
• 10 (17.2%) patients had fever, 41 (70.7%) had sleeping disorders, 3 (5.2%) patients had problems hearing, 21 (36.2%) patients had Loss of taste, and 21 (36.2%) patients had Loss of smell in post-covid symptoms.
• Gastrointestinal symptoms post-covid were 10 (17.2%) patients had Abdominal pain, (7 (12.1%) patients had diarrhea; 3 (5.2%) patients had constipation , and 12 (20.7%) patients had vomiting .
• Headache is the most common neurological post-COVID symptom with (11.3%).
• There was a significant difference between predictors of post-COVID and neuropsychiatry, gastro-intestinal symptoms, cardiovascular symptoms, and fever incidence. The P value was < 0.05.