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Abstract Genital warts (GWs) are one of the most common sexually transmitted illnesses, particularly among sexually active young people of both sexes. Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the agents that cause GWs. More than 170 different HPV serotypes have been identified, with around 40 unique serotypes infecting the anogenital region. Genital warts appear as single or many pearly, filiform, or plaque-like papules. Cauliflower lesions, which might be verrucous or lobulated, are the most prevalent characteristics. Color might range from skin to erythema or hyperpigmentation. Efficient cell mediated immunity plays a critical role in wart regression. The link between cellular immunity and HPV infections and accompanying morbidities was discovered in HIV patients. Such individuals have a higher frequency of anogenital HPV infections as well as prolonged HPV persistence periods. The cytokine IL-33, a member of the IL-1 cytokine family, has recently been linked to the epithelium ”alarmin” defence mechanism. IL-33 is produced by epithelial cells in many tissues and organs, including keratinocytes, endothelial cells, and immune cells, as well as necrotic structural cells such as fibroblasts and keratinocytes, as do other cytokines of the IL-1 family. This study aimed to examine if there was a difference in IL-33 serum levels between genital warts patients and healthy controls. |