الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was carried out at El-sabahia Poultry Research Station in Alexandria, Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center; Ministry of Agriculture under supervision of Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture; Alexandria University. The experimental birds used in the study were Gimmizah local strain which developed at El-sabahia Poultry Research Station. The experimental production period lasted for 12 weeks from February to April, 2018. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential effect of feeding various inclusion levels of Moringa oleifera leaves extract on Gimmiazh layers productive performance, physiological response, eggs and semen quality as well as nutrients digestability coefficients, fertility and hatchability traits and economic indices. The tested additive used in this experiment was fresh mature leaves of Moringa oleifera which were locally harvested from a farm in Borg El-Arab and homogenized as powder then extracted in 50% hydro-ethanolic solution. Then, the yielded extract was kept at -20ºC until used. An experiment was conducted using one hundred and forty four females with twenty four males, 40-weeks old Gimmizah strain and randomly were divided into four experimental groups with three replications of 2 males and 12 females. The experimental layers diet of the study based on corn and soybean meal was presented in Table (3.1) and the experimental treated groups were as follows: 1. Basal diet without supplementation of Moringa leaf extract, services as a control group. 2. Basal diet supplemented with 600 mg Moringa leaf extract/kg diet. 3. Basal diet supplemented with 1200 mg Moringa leaf extract/kg diet. 4. Basal diet supplemented with 1800 mg Moringa leaf extract/kg diet. Data collection and estimated parameters included proximate chemical analysis of Moringa leaves extract; layers productive performance in terms of body weight change, egg numbers, egg weight with its mass, feed intake and feed conversion; egg quality measurements; hematological parameters; biochemical serum analysis; immune and antioxidative status; semen quality measurements; fertility and hatchability parameters as well as nutrients digestibility coefficients and economic indices of experimental diets. The results of the study could be summarized as follows: 1- The proximate analysis of tested Moringa leaves extract could shed some light on the possibility of using this extract as a feed additive in layers diet. In that, crude protein, 71 ether extract, ash and moisture represented by about 15.71, 8.31, 8.29 and 5.34%, respectively. Also, estimated calcium (Ca) was 1.91%, potassium (K) was 0.97%, magnesium (Mg) was 0.38%, whereas those of phosphorus (p), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) were about 30.15, 81.65 and 60.06 parts per million (ppm), respectively. In addition, a suitable source of different phytonutrients such as phenolic and flavonoid represented by about 28.93 and 19.52 mg/100g extract, respectively. 2- A numerically increase in weight gain at the end of the experiment was recorded as supplementing diet with the studied extract at level of 600 mg/kg diet but without significance by about 40.9, 34.8 and 34.8% over those of the control and other dietary treatments 1200 and1800 mg/kg diet, respectively.