الفهرس 
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Abstract
Citrus is the most extensively produced tree fruit crop in the world. Mandarins came second after Oranges in the citrus world’s production. The peach fruit fly (PFF), Bactrocera zonata (Saunders), and the Mediterranean fruit fly (MFF), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), are two of the most major pests infesting citrus orchards in Egypt as well as several countries around the world. The present study was carried out to study the seasonal activity of PFF and MFF in citrus orchards located in Dakahlia governorate, Egypt, during two successive fruiting seasons of 2019/20 and 2020/21 by using sex attractants and fruit samples. Both PFF and MFF were more active in the fallen fruits than in the non-fallen fruits. The relationships between FTDs of PFF and MFF males in Jackson traps and infestation percentages by these pests showed that they could be used to predict infestation percentages by PFF and MFF in their host fruits. Study the competition between PFF and MFF and the effect of fruit ripening in addition to temperature degrees and relative humidity on their activity by using Jackson traps and fruit samples. Temperature degrees were the most effective factor on the PFF population, followed by fruit ripening and relative humidity, respectively. While fruit ripening was the highest effective factor on the MFF population, followed by temperature degrees and relative humidity, respectively. To evaluate the effectiveness of certain ammonium compounds in capturing both flies, ten treatments were used as follows: Buminal 5% (Bu), Buminal 5% + di-ammonium phosphate 1% (Bu + DA1), Buminal 5% + di-ammonium phosphate 2% (Bu + DA2), Buminal 5% + di-ammonium phosphate 3% (Bu + DA3), Buminal 5% + ammonium acetate 1% (Bu + AA1), Buminal 5% + ammonium acetate 2% (Bu + AA2), Buminal 5% + ammonium acetate 3% (Bu+AA3), Buminal 5% + ammonium hydroxide 1% (Bu + AH1), Buminal 5%+ ammonium hydroxide 2% (Bu + AH2) and Buminal 5% + ammonium hydroxide 3% (Bu+AH3)) in field experiment by using modified Nadel traps. To study the effect of enhanced Buminal on control of PFF and MFF by using partial bait spray, Buminal solutions (as attractants) either alone or enhanced by di-ammonium phosphate 1% were added to Lambada cyhalothrin (Catron 5% E.C.), Abamectin (Nasractine 1.08% E.C.), and Malathion. Our findings proved that adding the ammonium compounds (di-ammonium phosphate, ammonium acetate, and ammonium hydroxide) to the commercial product of Buminal increased its efficiency as an attractant for PFF and MFF adults. Di-ammonium phosphate was the most effective compound for enhancing Buminal as an attractant for PFF and MFF adults, followed by ammonium acetate, whereas ammonium hydroxide was the lowest compound for enhancing Buminal as an attractant for PFF or MFF adults. Also, we infer that using the enhanced Buminal by di-ammonium phosphate obviously increased the efficiency of partial spray application with the three tested insecticides, lambada cyhalothrin, abamectin, and malathion. Collectively, using these ammonium compounds mixed with protein-based baits would have a promising role in increasing the tractability of fruit flies, either in monitoring or in control techniques.