الفهرس 
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Abstract
Borate bioactive glasses (BBGs) with the composition of xMnO-(42.5-x) B2O3-28.7CaO-26Na2O-2.8P2O5) where x = (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8) mol% were prepared using the conventional melt-quenching technique through replacing MnO on the expense of B2O3 content. Synthesized BBGs were investigated via X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), and Ultraviolet (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. Study the optical characteristic and parameters by using (UV-Vis) spectroscopy including optical energy gap, refractive index, molar refractivity, static dielectric constant, optical dielectric constant, electronic polarizability and Molar polarizability. Additionally, several estimated and calculated physical parameters including density, molar volume, molecular mobility, average boron-boron, boron atoms’ molar volume, ion concentration, polaron radius, and field strength were correlated to the structural variations. Tested the bioactivity of Mn-modified borate bioactive glasses by the antibacterial tests against a broad spectrum of gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria and fungus. X-ray diffraction (XRD) provides details information about the nature of the prepared glass. The initial sample, which does not contain MnO, is amorphous. As a result, there are no diffraction peaks but instead of two broad halos with centers at 30 and 50 degrees. Based on the data, it can concluded that glass has a short-range ordered structure with a propensity to crystallize when manganese ions added to the glass structure. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) verified information about the functional groups. FTIR appears the separated bands and combined with the variation of the four coordinated boron. By using deconvolution analysis the increase in the proportion of triangular boron at the expense of quaternary boron, which it proved the NBO increase with increasing MnO content. Ultraviolet and visible analysis (UV/Vis) and optical studies. A peak that indicated manganese was present in Mn+3 was formed by the UV.VIS test, and its strength rose as MnO level rose. By boosting the MnO content, which refers to the NBO increase brought on by the conversion of Mn+2 to Mn+3, the optical energy gap is reduced. The increase in refractive index values, the static dielectric constant, and the optical dielectric constant show that MnO acts as a modifier in the glass network as its concentration rises. The system’s increased electrical polarizability shows that the NBOs species has greater polarizing power than the BO. Physical properties determined the density of all samples hasn’t changed significantly and this is explained by the variation in the intermolecular space between atoms. It was shown that manganese was added as a modifier leading to the increase in free volume and decrease in packing density this could be explained by the manganese ions’ nonlinear behavior since they have numerous stable valence states, showing that the bioactivity of the glass increases by increase MnO content. The antibacterial effect of BBGs included by different MnO content was evaluated against two types of fungi, Aspergillus Niger and Candida Albicans, as well as gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively. That revealed the very well inhibition zones by increasing MnO content especially with on fungus Aspergillus Niger.