الفهرس 
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Abstract
This thesis addresses a rather modern electronic fabrication technology, which is printed electronics. This technology is significantly less expensive and less polluting than traditional methods. The thesis focuses on the most important raw material in this technology which consists of different kinds of inks for different electronic applications. It aims at producing low cost inks, which are adequately characterized for direct use by designers of electronic systems using printed electronics.
Four types of inks were considered, which cover all most common applications. This includes conductive ink, dielectric ink, semiconducting ink and piezoelectric ink.
After presenting the proposed synthesis technology of different kinds of inks, inks were thoroughly characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FT-IR, UV-vis, viscometer, surface tension apparatus, and particle size distribution measurement tools.
Results have shown that:
Silver based ink: Shows the results of the silver: crystal structure, morphology, electrical Resistance, Optical Properties, viscosity, and surface tension of the ink. The Ag showed a face-centered cubic crystal structure with a nanowire structure and a low electrical resistance value of 140µΩ.cm, 200µΩ.cm, and 200µΩ.cm on paper, PET, and PP, respectively. The aqueous ink (10wt% of solid) has a viscosity value of 9.9 cP and a surface tension value of 16 mN/m at room temperature, which makes the Ag ink suitable for the aerosol printing system. The optical absorbance of the silver ink at 370 nm confirms the formation of Ag as a nanowire morphology. The Ag ink prepared has excellent adhesion on the paper.
Barium Titanate based ink: Contains the results of the BaTiO3: crystal structure, morphology, a.c conductivity, dielectric properties, viscosity, and surface tension of the ink. The BaTiO3 showed a tetragonal structure with a nano spherical shape with a particle size of 73 nm and a high electrical resistance value. The aqueous ink (10wt% of solid) has a viscosity value of 1.6 cP and a surface tension value of 38.7 mN/m at room temperature, which makes the ink suitable for the aerosol printing system. The BTO ink is suitable for making dielectric material in an electronic circuit.
Lead-Zirconate-Titanate (PZT) based ink: Shows the results of the Pb(ZrTi)O3: crystal structure, morphology, dc conductivity, dielectric properties, viscosity, surface tension, and size distribution of the ink. The PZT showed a tetragonal structure with a nano spherical shape, a particle size of 14.5 nm, and a high electrical resistance value. The aqueous ink (13wt% of solid) has a viscosity value of 1.3 cP and a surface tension value of 35.5 mN/m at room temperature, which makes the ink suitable for the aerosol printing system. The PZT ink is suitable for making dielectric material in an electronic circuit.
Titanium Dioxide based ink: Includes the results of the TiO2: crystal structure, morphology, dc electrical conductivity, viscosity, surface tension, particle size distribution, and adhesion properties of the ink on different substrates. The TiO2 showed anatase and nano plate-like structure and had a high electrical resistance value. The aqueous ink with 1wt% TiO2 has a viscosity value of 1.9 cP and a surface tension value of 37 mN/m at room temperature, which makes the ink suitable for the aerosol printing system.
Finally, an application was presented as an example. It includes a printed capacitor on paper and glass, with capacitance 23.91 and 642.05 pF on glass and paper respectively.
The calculated dielectric constant is 0.95 and 76.93 on glass and paper respectively. The printed capacitor shows good results on paper due to excellent adhesion of inks on paper