الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract The problem of increasing the chemical fertilizers cost inputs is growing and plays a major role in increasing production cost of crops and the outlook for reducing the use of fertilizers in future is still pendulous. Egyptian clover is rightfully considered the first responsible for achieving sustainable fertility of Egyptian lands for more than five thousand years. Clover adds to the soil from 45 - 90 kg of organic nitrogen per feddan (0.42 ha), equivalent to 300 - 600 kg of fertilizer containing 15% nitrogen. So, The use of bio-fertilizer for legumes (berseem ) to increase soil fertility and reduce the use of nitrogen chemical fertilizers and reduce the pollution of the environment resulting from the excessive use of these fertilizers’ and access to food healthy and safe for both humans and animals. The objectives:The objective of this lab experiment was to evaluate the effects of laser exposure times and incubation seeds by Rhizobia fertilization on (1) germination morphological characteristics, and (2) the suitable laser exposure time. While, the specific objectives of field experiment were to: (a) Compare the efficacy of Rhizobium inoculation, to laser radiation of clover seeds in terms of germination, growth parameters, nodulation and productivity, under field conditions., (b) Study the nitrogen, Rhizobium, laser radiation use efficiency and life cycle of root nodules on soil cultivation practices in clover., (c) Use the available irrigation water qualities (Nile water and groundwater) optimally., and (d) Minimize excessive chemical fertilizers by using biofertilizer. |