الفهرس 
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignancy of the liver that occurs predominantly in patients with underlying chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. HCC is considered the fourth most prevalent cause of cancer-related death globally. At present, there are limited treatment alternatives. So many studies were directed to use natural products in order to manipulate HCC.The present study aimed to evaluate the prospective hepatoprotective mechanisms of 3,3’-diindolylmethane (DIM), hesperidin (Hes), and their combination in thioacetamide (TAA)-induced HCC in rats via investigating their effects on RIPK1 and YAP protein concentrations, studying their abilities to attenuate oxidative stress and HCC development, and evaluating their abilities to inhibit TAA-induced. downregulation of p53. Moreover, the ability of DIM, Hes, and their combination to inhibit TAA-induced upregulation of NF-κB and β-catenin were investigated. from this study, we conclude that 1.Both DIM and Hes represent natural products which have significant hepatoprotective activities that may support their use as a dietary supplement to protect against HCC.2.The anti-tumor and the hepatoprotective activities of DIM and Hes may be attributed to the following molecular mechanisms:a)Both DIM and Hes have significant antioxidant activity.b)The ability of DIM and Hes to inhibit TAA-induced downregulation of RIPK1, YAP and p53 and to inhibit TAA-induced upregulation of NF-κB and β-catenin.