الفهرس 
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Abstract
The study was conducted in a private vineyard (small farm) located in Ballana village,
Aswan, during the growing seasons of 2019 and 2020. The study focused on Flame Seedless
grape vines. The vines were three years old and were planted with a distance of 1 meter
between vines and 1.5 meters between rows. Drip irrigation was used to water the vines, and
they were grafted on Freedom rootstock . The geographical coordinates of the study area
location top left correr 24.36607°N, 32.987283°W, and bottom right correr 24.36375 °N,
32.97561°W.
The aim of the study was to explore the utilization of remote sensing satellites images to
estimate and map the variability of vineyards. The main objective was to identify the
strongest correlations between field observations and various satellite data, and to determine
the most suitable index for small farms. The study included twelve site based on the analysis
of vegetation indices, particularly the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI).
NDVI values were calculated using Digital numbers (DN) of the satellite images and served
as indicators of vegetation density and plant health. The sites were divided into four block on
NDVI maps, with each sector consisting of three replicates, totaling 12 sites, each site has
three depth.
Throughout the study, multiple analyses were conducted to evaluate soil,vegetation and
fruit properties. soil samples (36 samples) were collected, air-dried, and lightly milled. A 2
mm sieve was used to separate gravel from the samples. Mechanical analysis studies were
performed to estimate soil texture using the hydrometer technique, providing insights into the
proportions of sand, silt, and clay in the soil. A suction pump was used to extract saturated
soil paste for various analyses, including measurements of electrical conductivity (EC),
soluble cations (such as as 𝐶𝑎++
), and Mg++
), and anions (such as 𝐻𝐶𝑂3
−), which provided
information on soil salinity and ion concentrations. The total calcium carbonate content was
determined using a calcimeter to evaluate the presence of calcium carbonate % in the soil and
its impact on pH and nutrient availability. For the relation with the satellite images data, we
use top surface soil properties or the average weight of the profiles soil properties for
vineyard vagegtion analysis , numbar of leaves and chlorophyl content wera measared.
To assess vine productivity, measurements were taken for vine yield by weight, number
of clusters, and mean weight of clusters. Fruit size and hardness were recorded, and the
chemical composition of the fruits was analyzed to evaluate their quality and taste. The
analysis of fruit chemical components, including the measurement of total soluble solids
(TSS) content was measured and analyzed against remote sensing data. The study concluded
that the number of leaves on vincs provided a significant correlation with remote sensing
data.
The study also involved analyzing the chemical components in the leaves, which
provided insights into plant health and overall condition. The total chlorophyll content in the
leaves was measured using a SPAD chlorophyll meter, indicating the amount of chlorophyll
present and reflecting the plant’s ability to photosynthesize and achieve healthy growth.