الفهرس 
Covid19Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Corona virus disease 2019 is an infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, It spreads globally via droplets and close contact with infected individuals included symptoms such as fever,dry cough, difficulty breathing, and myalgia (Pan et al., 2020 & Arcadi et al., 2021).
Covid19 affected on nurses as they exposed themselves to higher job stress , greater physical, and psychological stress symptoms during Covid19 period which affected their health leading to burnout (Shahin et al., 2020).
Work resilience which is enabled nurses to manage stressful situations that contributed to good effects, also reduced stressful factors in the workplace by increasing self efficacy, and providing appropriate training for nurses (Cooper et al., 2020).
The Aim of the study:.
This study aimed to Assess the burnout and the psychological resilience among nurses working with patients having Covid19.
Research questions:
• What are the levels of burnout among nurses working with patients having Covid19?
• What are the levels of psychological resilience among nurses working with patients having Covid19?
• Is there arelation between burnout and psychological resilience among nurses working with patients having Covid19?
Research settings:
This study was conducted in Specialized Internal Medicine, Main Mansoura University Hospital as it was the only Main University Hospital in Mansoura City was responsible for isolation during Covid19.
Research subjects:
The subject of this study included about 100 nurses working at the afternoon shift daily from 1pm to 8pm for 3 days( Sunday, Monday and Tuesday) per week for four months.
Research design:
Descriptive correlational design utilized in this study to assess the burnout and psychological resilience among 1oo nurses working with patients having Covid19.
Tools of data collection
Data was collected through:
Tool 1- Astructured interview questionnaire
This sheet was designed in simple Arabic language by the researcher among nurses working with patients having Covid19 to elicit the following :Nurses’ demographic data such as sex, age, residence, level of education, religion, salary income. In addition to that marital status, having children or not and number of years experience are also included.
Tool 2- The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-ES)
It is a psychological assessment instrument was translated into Arabic comprising 22 symptom items pertaining to occupational burnout aimed to assess an individual’s experience of burnout, it measures three dimensions of burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment). This tool adopted from (Maslach et al., 2003).
Emotional Exhaustion (EE) scale: measures feeling of being emotionally exhausted. It consists of 9 items.
Depersonalization (DP) scale : measures an unfeeling and impersonal response toward recipients of one’s service, care, treatment, or instruction. It consists of 5 items.
Personal Accomplishment (PA) scale: measures feelings of competence and successful achievement in one’s work. It consists of 8 items.
Scoring system:
All The Meslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) items were scored using a 7 likert scale from ”never” to ”daily.” The MBI has item scoring from (0 to 6), Never (0), A few times a year or less (1), Once a month or less (2), A few times a month (3), Once a week (4), A few times a week (5), Every day (6).
The total score ranged from ( 0-132 ) where the higher scores indicated higher level of burnout and were categorized as follows:
Low burnout if total score ≤50% (1- 66).
Moderate burnout if total score 50 -<75 (67 -98(.
High burnout if total score ≥ 75 (99-132).
Tool 3-Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RIES)
This Scale aimed to assess resilience. It was tanslated into Arabic and consists of 25 items also 5 factors. This tool adopted from (Connor et al., 2003).
Five factors produced of the original scale of this tool:
• Personal competence, high standards and Tenacity through previous experiences of success and achievement.
• Trust in one’s instincts, tolerance of negative effect.
• Strengthening effects of stress, taking on responsibilities for dealing with stress, positive acceptance of change, social problem solving skills and secure relationships.
• Control of one’s life, commitment, patience, and the ability to endure stress, or pain.
• Spirtitual influences where the sacred is defined in terms of a “higher power “divine-being”God”or , ultimate truth.
Scoring system:
were evaluated on a five-point Likert scale ranged from (0-4): not true at all (0), rarely true (1) , sometimes true (2), often true (3) , and true nearly all of the time (4) . These ratings resulted in a number between (0–100), and higher scores indicated higher resilience. Levels of resilience were classified as (80-100) high resilience,(40-79) moderate resilience, low resilience(≥39).
The Results of our present study were summarized as the following:
In the current study , 49.0% , 50%, 52% ,64.0% and 41.0% of the studied nurses were in age group from 18 to25 years, Slightly more than half of them were female , half of them married ,were graduate from the technical nursing institute and their experience were1-<3 years. Additionally, 71% from rural residence, 55.0% of them had no children and 81.0% of them reported insufficient monthly income, Also,73.0% and 44.0% of them had high burnout level regarding depersonalization and personal achievement respectively and 41% of them had moderate burnout level regarding emotional exhaustion.
The study showed that 62.0% of nurses had moderate resilience level and 32.0% had high resilience level. While, 6.0% of them had low resilience level. There was relationship between the total burnout level among the studied nurses and their gender and income at P-value 0.028 and 0.003 respectively.
The study showed that there was no relationship between the total burnout level among the studied nurses and their age, marital status, educational level, years of experience, residence and having children at P-value = 0.227, 0.729, 0.854, 0.778, 0.139 and 0.279 respectively and there was a relationship between the total level of resilience among the studied nurses and their age and income at P-value 0.047 and 0.000 respectively.
The study showed that there was no relationship between the total level of resilience among the studied nurses and their gender, marital status, educational level, years of experience, residence and having children at P-value = 0.671, 0.204, 0.699, 0.632, 0.967 and 0.924 respectively.
Finally, there was negative correlation between the total level of resilience and the total level of burnout among the studied nurses at P-value 0.070.
Conclusion
It was concluded of this study that more than half of nurses had moderate burnout level and moderate resilience level. There was statistically significant relationship between total burnout level among the studied nurses and their sex and income, also there was a statistically significant relationship between total level of resilience among them and their age and income. Finally, There was no statistically significant correlation between the total level of resilience and the total level of burnout among the studied nurses.
Recommendations
On the basis of the present study findings, the following recommendations can be suggested:
In nursing practice recommendation:
-Provision of counseling services to the newly hired nurses for their adaptive coping strategies.
-Nursing administrators and leaders should devise resilience programmes for nurses working with patients having Covid19 and other hospital staff especially seminars on resilience building for the newly hired nurses.
Organization recommendation:
-Nurse manager should promote self care among nurses after Covid19 period through teaching preventive actions against Covid19, providing good nutrition, and reducing night shifts.
-Promoting Leadership aspects and positive work culture among nurses working with patients having Covid19
Research recommendation:
-Replicate this study on a larger study sample and in different Egypt governorates before it can be generalized