الفهرس 
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Abstract
In new concrete structures, FRP reinforcement is being used as a viable alternative to steel
reinforcement, especially in drastic environments. They are a promising alternative to
traditional steel reinforcement due to their non-corrodible nature, light weight and high
strength. Recently, concern has been triggered on the feasibility of using FRP-reinforced
elements in seismic regions. Extensive work has been conducted to validate using FRP bars as
main reinforcement for structural elements in earthquake region due to stable linear behavior
up to failure with a low energy dissipation capacity and minimal damage. The present thesis
addressed developing a hybrid system in which the FRP represent the main reinforcement with
added some steel bars to enhance the ductility and the dissipation energy. A detailed twodimensional finite element model (2D FEM) by (VecTor 2 program). The built model
predicted the experimentally obtained results representing in failure mode and deformation
response with good accuracy then hybrid system that consists of sixteen specimens eight
reinforced by GFRP bars as a reference and another eight reinforced by steel/GFRP
combination that was then studied. The studied parameters included the hybrid reinforcement
configuration and ratio, and axial load. The results patently showed that hybrid reinforced
columns can undergo large displacement with minimal damage, while achieving high level of
energy dissipation. This can be guaranteed through carefully selection of reinforcement
arrangement. The force reduction factor ranged between 4 to 7 as a function of the studied
parameters.