الفهرس 
NTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Recent epidemiological evidence has confirmed that chronic exposure to insecticides has led to many environmental effects, as well as adverse effects on human health, such as cancer, birth defects, reproductive abnormalities, toxins, and even death. Glyphosate, a glycine-based amino acid isotope, is the most commonly used organic phosphate pesticide worldwide and is an active ingredient of all glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs), including the formulation “Roundup.” Cancer is a major public health problem worldwide and is the second leading cause of death in the United States. The massive and increasing use of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) results in a global burden of occupational exposure among manufacturing workers and GBH (farmers) appliances, as well as increased exposure in the general population, as evidenced by environmental pollution from glyphosate residues in air, groundwater, drinking water, crops, food, and animal feed.
In this study, the toxicity of glyphosate-based herbicides was investigated (Roundup Star) in mice by collecting blood samples to evaluate the liver, spleen, kidneys, heart, lung and digestive system function (GIT) including assessment of Alanine transaminase (ALT) enzyme activity, Aspartate transaminase (AST), Creatine kinase (CK-MB), alpha amylase Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) , Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), determining the average levels of creatinine, urea, uric acid, total protein, albumin, hemoglobin and bilirubin as well as the histopathological examination of the liver, kidneys, spleen, brain, heart, lung and digestive tract. In addition to in-silico studies investigating the therapeutic efficacy of 3-Bromopyruvate against the GBHs toxicity via docking to the major pro-inflammatory interleukins such as IL-6/IL-6R and IL-17/IL-17R.
The aim of this study was to investigate the toxicity of glyphosate-based herbicide (Roundup Star) in the albino male mice. In addition, exploring the therapeutic efficacy of 3-Bromopyruvate (3-BP) against the GBHs toxicity via simulating the binding of 3-BP to the critical amino acid residues in the pro-inflammatory interleukins complex structure IL-1/IL-1R, IL-6/IL-6R and IL-17/IL-17R.
Our results highlighted the toxicity of GBHs in mammals, as the results of the current study revealed that administering GBHs to mice for three months significantly reduced total protein, albumin, and hemoglobin levels. The proposed mechanism was attributed to the glyphosate structure as a glycine isotope, the most important amino acid involved in the biosynthesis of hemoglobin and generally in proteins and interfering with biosynthesis and gene expression.
Finally, our results confirmed the toxic effect of glyphosate, as it caused a significant reduction in the average gross protein level, average albumin level, and average hemoglobin level in mice exposed to low, moderate, and high doses of GBHs compared to the control group. Similarly, it caused a significant increase in ALT activity, average AST activity, average ALP activity, average urea level, average creatinine level, average creatine kinase activity, average uric acid level, and average alpha-amylase level in mice exposed to low, moderate, and high doses of GBHs, as compared to the control group. Our study may be the first to reveal that 3-BP efficiently docked IL-17/IL-17R by linking Tyr44 3BP. The present
Summary, Conclusion & Recommendation
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study highlights a new modus operandi of 3-BP in the face of inflammation caused by GBHs in general and specifically in GIT.