الفهرس 
CardiotoxicityOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is known to be one of the major toxic effects induced by several types of drugs (Fung et al., 2001). The most serious drug-induced cardiotoxicity is manifested by cardiac contractile dysfunction or ventricular arrhythmias, both of which lead to heart failure and sudden death (Skala et al., 2019). American Association of Poison Control Centers’ annual report showed that cardiovascular failure remains a leading mechanism of death in severe acute drug intoxication accounting for 9.4% of the 2,813 fatalities (Johnson et al., 2013). Beta-blockers (77.8 %), followed by digoxin (18%), and calcium channel blockers toxicity (4.2%) are the most common cardiovascular drugs intoxication as reported in the 2014 annual report of the poison control center of Ain Shams University Hospital (Hussien et al., 2018). Myocardial cells have a limited capacity to regenerate so early detection of myocardial injury is very important to alleviate the extent of irreversible damage. Therefore, sensitive biomarkers that predict early signs of cardiotoxicity are needed (Schoen and Mitchell, 2010; Liu et al., 2014). ECG is done routinely in cardiovascular drug exposures, and in patients with vasopressor requirement and/or myocardial injury (Carreiro et al., 2020). It is a non-invasive, inexpensive diagnostic test that provides important information regarding not only the heart but also non-cardiac events impacting the cardiac system (Heshmat et al., 2012). Some serum biomarkers are proposed for diagnosis of drug-induced cardiotoxicity in clinical practice. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is the usual biomarker for diagnosing myocardial injury (Sorodoc et al., 2013).