الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The global issue of hunger and food insecurity has been considerably increasing in the last decade due to chaotic conditions occurring across the world such as pandemics, civil or political unrests, natural disasters, and logistics failures. A proper design and management of sustainable and resilient supply chain is necessary to robustly withstand the disruptions facing agri-food systems. Citrus being on top of the most produced fruit in the world, Egypt is considered the first citrus producer in Africa and the Middle East. Mapping the citrus supply chain and developing relevant mathematical models for this chain poses a challenge since various external and internal variables influence decision-making. This research designs a resilient citrus supply chain model that accommodates circularity and sustainability perspectives. The developed model is a multi-period mixed integer linear programming model with an objective of maximizing the profit along the supply chain. It includes the following echelons: farms, pack houses, processors, distributors, retailers, local markets, and by-product markets. The proposed model is solved with the aid of GUROBI software. The mathematical model is verified, validated, and applied on an actual case study for a citrus processing company in Egypt. The results of all models show the optimum supply chain configuration that maximizes the profit and integrates circularity of waste by dealing with citrus by-products. To increase the resilience of the chain against different disruptions, different scenarios are modeled and strategies of multiple supplier, backup capacity, and alternative transportation routes are tested to increase the supply chain resilience. This research work contributes to researchers as it fills the literature gaps by designing a resilient and sustainable multi-period multi-echelon model for the citrus supply chain that includes both fruit and juice. Mapping of the complete citrus supply chain can help the researchers to use it as a reference and starting point for their work. Also it contributes to businesses in field of citrus supply chain as it provides a digital twin of an actual supply chain thus facilitating its implementation in various real-world case studies.