الفهرس 
Chapter IOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
KBrO3 is widely used by human and it is considered a strong oxidizing agent that transforms inside the body causing oxidative stress that generates free radicals as ROS and hyperactive metabolites. In addition, the loss of balance between the production of these free radicals and the cellular antioxidant defense system results in disturbing cellular functions causing various lesions. As, endogenous antioxidants are the first line of defense against KBrO3-induced oxidative damage, their inability to overcome oxidative stress led to the need to use exogenous antioxidants such as vitamin C and vanillin that strengthen the cellular defense system to counteract these lesions. Thus, this study aimed to:
1) Estimate the toxicity of KBrO3 in male rats at the biochemical, histological, histochemical and ultrastructural levels.
2) Investigate whether vitamin C and vanillin, separately or in combination, have a role in the treatment of male rats against KBrO3-induced toxicity at the biochemical, histological, histochemical and ultrastructural levels.
Experimental design
Forty-five adult male rats were classified into 9 groups of 5 rats each and received one or more of KBrO3, vitamin C and vanillin orally and daily for 10 weeks. Groups were as the following:
Group1 (Control): Rats didn’t receive any treatment
group 2 (Vitamin C): Rats received 30mg/kg of vitamin C.
group 3 (Vanillin): Rats received 100 mg/kg of vanillin.
group 4 (Vitamin C +Vanillin): Rats received a mixture of vitamin C and vanillin.
group 5 (KBrO3): Rats received 25 mg/kg of KBrO3.
group 6 (KBrO3 withdrawal): Rats received 25 mg/kg of KBrO3 then KBrO3 was withdrawn for 2 additional weeks.
group 7 (KBrO3+Vitamin C): Rats received 25mg/kg of KBrO3, and then Vit C (30mg/kg) was administrated 2 hr. later.
group 8 (KBrO3+Vanillin): Rats received 25mg/kg of KBrO3, and then vanillin (100mg/kg) was administrated 2 hr. later.
group 9 (KBrO3+Vitamin C+Vanillin): Rats received 25mg/kg of KBrO3, and then a mixture of Vitamin C and vanillin was administrated 2 hr. later
The current study revealed that vitamin C and vanillin, separately or in combination, had good to excellent ameliorative effect against KBrO3-induced toxicity in different studied tissues due to their antioxidant efficiency. These findings are supported by several experiments on several control and comparison groups, whose results support each other. To the best of our knowledge and based on the network published literatures, this study is the first to investigate and attribute the ameliorative efficiency of vanillin against KBrO3-induced toxicity on the ultrastructural level.
Altogether, these findings attract attention to further studies on the role of vanillin on the ultrastructural level in different tissues.