الفهرس 
Uterine Arteries and endometrialOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Achieving high clinical pregnancy rates has been the prime goal for both physicians and patients. Yet, implantation appears to be the weakest link for the success of any ART procedure. A multitude of parameters and techniques have been studied to assess the implantation potential of endometrium (Moustafa, 2022).
Ultrasound examination of the endometrium is a frequently utilized non-invasive method of assessing endometrial receptivity during infertility treatment. The endometrial thickness was investigated for several years for detection of its relation to pregnancy and the results were controversial (El-Tamamy et al., 2018).
Meanwhile, endometrial blood flow reflects uterine receptivity as the endometrium is the site of embryonic implantation. Thus, the use of uterine artery Doppler and measuring the uterine arterial impedance could evaluate the endometrial receptivity. Also, Endometrial and subendometrial blood flows can be more objectively and reliably measured with Doppler ultrasound. However, conflicting results are reported with regard to their role in the prediction of pregnancy in IVF/ICSI treatment (Ragheb et al., 2019).
Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate the role of estimating uterine artery blood flow (UtABF) & sub-endometrial blood flow via Doppler ultrasound prior to embryo transfer in IVF/ICSI cycles in prediction of pregnancy rate and to investigate if uterine artery Doppler will help to perform embryo transfers in only favorable uteri and postpone or cancel those cycles in which poor uterine score is demonstrated.
This study was a prospective observational study that was carried out on 80 women who was scheduled for ICSI cycles durıng the perıod from October 2021 tıll October 2022 at private ICSI centers, Egypt.
The protocol used in our work for the purpose of COS was the antagonist protocol for the entire cases.
Results of the current study revealed that the overall age range was from 23 to 44 years with a mean ± SD was 30.84 ± 3.89 years. Seven (8.8%) of women had age below or equal to 25 years, 60 (75%) had age ranged between 26-35 years, and 13 (16.3%) patients had age above 35 years.
Also, regarding BMI; 3.75% (n=3) of cases were underweight, 25 % (n=20) were slime, 55% (n=44) were overweight and 16.25% (n=13) were obese. The mean BMI of cases included in this study, was 26.76±2.53 kg/m2. And, our results revealed that the mean duration of marriage was 7.1±1.85 years (range: 2-15 years) and the mean duration of infertility ranged between 2-12 years (Mean= 6.4±1.4 year). Moreover, infertility was primary in 62 (77.5%) of the women included in this study while it was secondary in other18 women (22.5%).
It was observed in our study that 38(47.5%) of couples had male factor according to WHO 2010 (male factor infertility), 12(15%) women had ovarian causes. Unexplained infertility was seen in 18(22.5%) women and both male factor infertility and ovarian infertility was detected in 12(15%) of women. Moreover, male factor was the most common cause in 29 (46.8%), in couples with primary infertility and secondary infertility 9(50%).