الفهرس 
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Abstract
”The aim of the work is to study the ecological features and pollution status of Bardawil Lagoon to aid decision makers with important databases. Determination of physical and chemical characteristics of both water and sediments from different stations and its relation to plant life. Analysis of heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb) in water and sediments for scouting their effect on the lagoon environment. Using GIS- technique for mapping different parameters within the lagoon to illuminate the areas that are most vulnerable to pollution. Determination of the phyto-accumulation efficiency of some aquatic species growing in Bardawil Lagoon. Suggestion solutions to control the pollutants from different drainage areas. In the present study, the results showed that, the soil classes are loamy sand. In surface sediments from the Bardawil lagoon, physical and chemical variables were investigated at 12 sites across four seasons in 2021. It is clear that the kind of soil, the season, and the property involved all affected how closely soil physicochemical parameters related to one another. Autumn marked the apex for the majority of chemical variables (CaCO3, OM, HCO3-, Cl-, SO4-2, Na+, K+, Ca+2 and Mg+2), whereas summer saw a decline. The data recorded in this study showed that the order of heavy metals concentration in the water samples of Bardawil Lake takes the following order: Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Ni > Pb > Cd > Cr in the spring season and Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd > Ni > Cr in the summer season, while it was Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Ni > Pb= Cd > Cr in the autumn season, and finally it was Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Ni > Cd = Pb > Cr in the winter season. The order of heavy metal ions concentration in the sediment samples during the spring and summer season were Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd > Cr > Ni, while it was Fe > Mn > Cu > Zn > Pb > Cr > Cd > Ni in the autumn season. In winter it was found to be Fe > Mn > Cu > Zn > Pb > Cd > Cr > Pb. The enrichment factor (EF) of the sediment samples shows that the southern part of the lake and the west of the lake have the largest abundance of metals. The metals under study were arranged in the following order based on their EF mean values Cd > Pb > Cu > Mn > Zn > Cr > Ni. The Contamination Factor (CF) values of sediment samples according to the current data, Pb, Cr, Zn, and Ni are less than 1 (low contamination) at all sites except for site 10 (Cf = 1.16). The degree of contamination in Bardawil Lagoon ranged between considerable DC to very high DC. The pollution load index (PLI) showed that there is no appreciable pollution in the studied drain (PLI < 1). Based on the present Igeo values for the examined metals, the assessed lagoon’s sediment can be classified as class 0 (Igeo < 1; i.e., uncontaminated; Fe, Mn, Pb, Cr, Zn, Cu, and Ni). Whereas the Igeo value for Cd is divided into two classes: class 2 (1 < Igeo < 2; that is, moderately to extremely contaminated) at other sites in the examined area, and class 1 (i.e., uncontaminated to moderately contaminated) at sites 7 and 2. The RI for most of the studied sites was at considerable (300 ≤ RI < 600) to very high-risk levels (RI ≥ 600). Sites 2, 7, 9 and 12 (462.76, 445.13, 489.44, 535.01, respectively) are considerable ecological risk, while the other sites are very high-risk levels.