الفهرس 
الفصل التمهيدييوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
Water is the most important blessing that God has bestowed on man. There is no life for this living creature without water in general. When surface water is not available, there is no way for humans but to search for water in the depths of the earth. Perhaps the Qur’anic indication of the importance of water is the most eloquent proverb, as God Almighty said in His decisive revelation: {And We made from water all A living thing { ( ), This verse explains to us the importance of water and its role in the existence, continuation and development of life on the face of the Earth. Water plays a major role in the lives of individuals and groups. The evidence here is that the first human settlements were based on the banks of rivers, and that all the great civilizations that arose in ancient times played water and the presence of rivers as a major reason for their establishment. (Mesopotamian civilization on the banks of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, and the Nile Valley civilization on the banks of the Nile River). Scientists consider water the basis of life on any planet. Ancient civilizations collapsed when water resources dried up or when humans misused these resources. Therefore, in no way should we tolerate wasting and squandering water in this shameful way that reflects our lack of awareness of the value of this precious wealth, and the cheap price of water and its access to consumers at low prices should not be an incentive for them to waste it. Because rationalization simply means preserving our lives and the future of our coming generations. Water is distributed in nature into surface water, represented by rivers, seas, oceans, and ice masses, and groundwater, which means the water present in the pores of rocks and in the sediments of completely saturated areas. Although this type of water is not used as widely as the water available on the surface of the Earth, groundwater represents one of the most important sources of water in rural areas, and in many areas groundwater represents the largest reserve of potable water, and is even the only source. For irrigation water, industrial and local purposes, even in humid areas, large quantities of groundwater are extracted for many purposes, and in general, groundwater is preferred over water present on the surface of the Earth. Because it is less susceptible to contamination by disease-causing parasites, in addition to having a constant temperature, it is available in many areas, even those that have been exposed to many years of severe drought. Groundwater is located in two different areas: It is the area that is not saturated with water. It is located directly below the surface of the earth in most areas. It contains water and air, and the pressure in it is less than atmospheric pressure, which prevents water from exiting from it into any well drilled in it. It is a layer of different thickness, and directly below it is the saturated area, which is A layer containing water-bearing materials, and all the interconnected spaces are filled with water, and the pressure in them is greater than atmospheric pressure; This allows water to exit from it into wells, springs, or springs, and the saturated area is fed by water percolating from the surface of the earth to this layer through its passage through the unsaturated area.