الفهرس 
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Abstract
Anemia is one of the most widespread public health problems, especially in developing countries. It has important health and welfare, social, and economic consequences. These include impaired cognitive development, reduced physical work capacity, and in severe cases increased risk of mortality. It affects more than 30 percent of the world’s population. It is generally assumed that 50% of the cases of anemia are due to iron deficiency anemia.
Acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) is one of the leading causes of illness and death in children under five years of age (under-5s) in developing countries. Hence it is important to control the risk factors to prevent deaths from ALRTI along with many risk factors for LRTI like low birth weight, lack of breast feeding, severe malnutrition, smoking, low hemoglobin may also be a risk factor. So the aim of this work was to study the relationship between anemia and acute lower respiratory tract infections as a risk factor.
In order to achieve this objective, this work was conducted on total number of 86 infants and children aged 6 months to 6 years 43 cases with median of age 15 months and range from 6 to72 months there were 28 males (65%) and 15(35%) females hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infections in Children Hospital, zagazig University, and 43 healthy controls without any respiratory problems, age and sex matched with median of age 25 months and range from 6 to 67 months and there were 25 males(58%) and 18 females (42%)attending outpatient clinic.
In our study we had 2 main groups (cases and control groups)