الفهرس 
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Abstract
Osteoporosis has become more prevalent due to the increasing financial burden on healthcare systems. Osteoporosis is considered a common metabolic bone disease characterized by decreased bone mass, altered bone architecture, increased bone fragility, and an elevated risk of fracture. Osteoporosis is known as a silent illness because key warning signals, including spinal fractures, deformations, height loss, and disabilities, do not manifest before fractures occur. Bone homeostasis depends on endogenous glucocorticoids, but prolonged use of exogenous glucocorticoids which used as anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents, such as dexamethasone (Dex), is the most prevalent secondary cause of osteoporosis known as glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO). Dex promotes over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which increases oxidative stress and dysregulates the physiological process in bone tissue and disrupt the protein folding mechanism. Chicory (Cichorium intybus L) and purslane (Portulaca oleracea) are edible Egyptian plants which considered as potential source of a variety of bioactive compounds as phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, and inulin as well as minerals as Na, K, Ca, P, Mg, Fe and Al in great amounts, but Zn, Mn, Cu, Se, Pb, Ni, Cr and Co in trace amounts. Chicory and purslane have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects that enabling them to protect and improve bone tissue. Therefore, chicory and purslane exert a powerful synergistic effect against GIO by the modulation of modulating the measured parameters and the histopathological results.