الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 87 |  |  |
| | | from | 87 | | |
Abstract
The term ”GERD” refers to symptoms or consequences that arise from the reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus, or even farther, into the lung or the oral cavity (including the larynx). One of the biggest health burdens is GERD.
A major complication of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is Barrett’s Esophagus (BE). The condition is described as follows: the squamous epithelium which regularly lines the esophagus at the distal end is replaced by columnar epithelium. Columnar cells replacing squamous ones in the healing process, which is a metaplastic process, causing the condition to develop when GERD destroys the squamous esophageal mucosa. There is a 10-15% chance of developing Barrett’s esophagus when GERD is diagnosed. BE is regarded as a precancerous condition that needs to be monitored because esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) occurs in about 0.5% of individuals with Barrett’s esophagus annually.
Using endoscopy to screen for Barrett’s esophagus in patients who have persistent gastroesophageal reflux disease is one suggested strategy to reduce the possibility of death from esophageal cancer.
Following conventional guidelines, random four-quadrant biopsies were advised every 1 or 2 cm to identify areas with intestinal dysplasia or metaplasia.